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MalwareRansomwareUsed by 4 actors

Buer Loader

Buer Loader is a modular malware-as-a-service downloader/loader introduced for sale on underground forums in August 2019. It is used as first-stage malware to establish initial access and deliver follow-on payloads, and has been observed in email-based campaigns as well as campaigns using malicious Excel XLL add-ins. Reported delivery chains include phishing emails that led users to enable content in a malicious document, executing print_document.exe identified as Buer Loader. Proofpoint also documented that Buer Loader was redeveloped from C to Rust.

Its primary role in the provided reporting is as an initial access malware associated with later ransomware operations rather than as the final payload itself. It has been linked in reporting to access brokerage and ransomware intrusion chains involving Ryuk and Conti, and Proofpoint data associated Conti ransomware with Buer alongside The Trick, ZLoader, and IcedID. Secureworks reported that core GOLD ULRICK operations typically used initial access through TrickBot, BazarLoader, or Buer Loader, and that GOLD BLACKBURN distributed malware including Buer Loader. Sophos reported Ryuk intrusions in which initial compromise came from phishing emails delivering Buer Loader, after which attackers deployed Cobalt Strike, performed Active Directory discovery, moved laterally, and deployed SystemBC on the domain controller. In one investigated Ryuk case, Buer Loader executed as print_document.exe and dropped qoipozincyusury.exe, identified as a Cobalt Strike beacon.

Buer Loader has also been observed in campaigns attributed to TA578 and TA800. Proofpoint noted TA578 had previously delivered Ursnif, IcedID, KPOT Stealer, Buer Loader, BazaLoader, and Cobalt Strike. It was also listed among commodity malware families using XLL files as an infection vector.

High-confidence behaviors and associations directly reflected in the content are: first-stage loader/downloader functionality; use in phishing-driven compromise chains; delivery of follow-on tooling such as Cobalt Strike; association with ransomware-enabling access and subsequent Ryuk/Conti activity; and use by or alongside criminal ecosystems involving TA578, TA800, GOLD BLACKBURN, and GOLD ULRICK. Specific indicators mentioned in the content include the filename print_document.exe as a Buer Loader executable and qoipozincyusury.exe as a dropped Cobalt Strike beacon in one Ryuk intrusion.

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THREAT ACTORS

Groups observed using it

4 distinct threat actors attributed by public researchers. Open in Mallory to see the full evidence chain and overlapping campaigns.

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TA800

These criminal threat actors compromise victim organizations with first-stage malware like The Trick, Dridex, or Buer Loader and will then sell their access to ransomware operators to deploy data theft and encryption operations.

via proofpointproofpoint.com
TA578

TA578 has previously been observed in email-based campaigns delivering Ursnif, IcedID, KPOT Stealer, Buer Loader, BazaLoader, and Cobalt Strike.

via proofpoint threat insight blogproofpoint.com
WIZARD SPIDER

Ransomware attacks operated by the core GOLD ULRICK group typically consist of initial access through TrickBot, BazarLoader or Buer Loader.

via secureworks threat profilessecureworks.com
Ryuk actors

"...allowing the document to execute print_document.exe —a malicious executable identified as Buer Loader."

via sophos threat researchnews.sophos.com
MITRE ATT&CK

Techniques & procedures

4 distinct techniques documented for this family, organized by ATT&CK tactic.

Initial Access

2 techniques
T1566PhishingEvidence3

These access facilitators distribute their backdoors via malicious links and attachments sent via email.

T1566.001Spearphishing AttachmentEvidence1

“Multiple employees… received highly-targeted phishing emails… The link… redirected to a malicious document hosted on docs.google.com… one employee clicked… enabled its content, allowing the document to execute print_document.exe”

Execution

1 technique
T1204User ExecutionEvidence1

“The user opened the document and enabled its content, allowing the document to execute print_document.exe”

Command and Control

1 technique
T1105Ingress Tool TransferEvidence1

“Buer Loader malware dropped… a Cobalt Strike ‘beacon,’ along with other malware files… A folder… was dropped on the domain controller… SystemBC… was deployed on the domain controller.”

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Threat actor attribution4

Named campaigns wielding this family, with evidence pinned to each claim.

Exploited vulnerabilities

CVEs this family uses for access and lateral movement.

Detection signatures

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MITRE ATT&CK mapping4

Every documented technique, ranked by evidence weight.

Researcher chatter

Reddit, Mastodon, and CTI community discussion around this family.

Buer Loader | Mallory