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MalwareRansomwareUsed by 5 actors

AzureHound

AzureHound is an open-source, Go-based data collection tool in the BloodHound suite, originally intended for penetration testing. It is used to enumerate Microsoft Entra ID and Azure environments via the Microsoft Graph API and Azure REST API, export the results to JSON, and map relationships and potential privilege-escalation paths in BloodHound. It is available precompiled for Windows, Linux, and macOS, and does not need to run inside the victim environment because the relevant cloud APIs are externally accessible.

Observed capabilities in the provided content include account and identity discovery; enumeration of users, devices, service principals, groups, roles, role assignments, app role assignments, subscriptions, tenants, management groups, resource groups, virtual machines, key vaults, storage accounts and containers, web apps, function apps, logic apps, automation accounts, managed clusters, VM scale sets, and container registries. The content states AzureHound can reveal details such as user attributes, privileged roles, key vault access policies, storage configuration, network ACLs, and cloud infrastructure relationships that attackers can use to identify high-value accounts, exfiltration targets, and escalation paths.

The content describes AzureHound as a legitimate tool that is abused by threat actors for post-compromise discovery in Microsoft cloud environments. Reported misuse includes reconnaissance in Microsoft Entra ID and Azure after successful access to a tenant. Public reporting cited in the content links AzureHound use to Iranian-backed Curious Serpens / Peach Sandstorm, Microsoft-tracked Void Blizzard, and Storm-0501. Microsoft observed Peach Sandstorm using AzureHound for reconnaissance in Microsoft Entra ID and Azure Resource Manager via Microsoft Graph and Azure REST APIs after successful authentication, in campaigns targeting sectors including satellite, defense, and pharmaceutical organizations; separate reporting in the content also notes Curious Serpens / Peach Sandstorm targeting aerospace, defense, and energy sectors.

Detection-relevant details directly mentioned in the content include a default user-agent format of "azurehound/<version>" and detections that look for BloodHound-suite user agents across Entra ID and Microsoft 365. The content also notes that Microsoft Graph activity logs can expose many AzureHound requests, while some Azure REST API ARM read/list operations used by AzureHound may not appear in standard Azure activity logs, creating a visibility gap.

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THREAT ACTORS

Groups observed using it

5 distinct threat actors attributed by public researchers. Open in Mallory to see the full evidence chain and overlapping campaigns.

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Void Blizzard

AzureHound is a data collection tool intended for penetration testing that is part of the BloodHound suite. Threat actors misuse this tool to enumerate Azure resources and map potential attack paths, enabling further malicious operations.

via palo alto networks unit 42 blogunit42.paloaltonetworks.com
APT33

AzureHound is a data collection tool intended for penetration testing that is part of the BloodHound suite. Threat actors misuse this tool to enumerate Azure resources and map potential attack paths, enabling further malicious operations.

via palo alto networks unit 42 blogunit42.paloaltonetworks.com
Storm-0501

AzureHound is a data collection tool intended for penetration testing that is part of the BloodHound suite. Threat actors misuse this tool to enumerate Azure resources and map potential attack paths, enabling further malicious operations.

via palo alto networks unit 42 blogunit42.paloaltonetworks.com
Curious Serpens

AzureHound is a data collection tool intended for penetration testing that is part of the BloodHound suite. Threat actors misuse this tool to enumerate Azure resources and map potential attack paths, enabling further malicious operations.

via palo alto networks unit 42 blogunit42.paloaltonetworks.com
Curious Serpens (Peach Sandstorm)

Abuse of AzureHound in the Wild — ...leveraged a Go-based open-source data collection tool called AzureHound... enumerate Azure resources and map potential attack paths...

via the hacker newsthehackernews.com
MITRE ATT&CK

Techniques & procedures

18 distinct techniques documented for this family, organized by ATT&CK tactic.

Initial Access

2 techniques
T1078Valid AccountsEvidence1

Threat actors also run the tool after obtaining initial access to the victim environment... AzureHound supports multiple means of authentication, including: Username and password Refresh tokens JSON web tokens (JWT) Service principal secrets Service principal certificates... Threat actors will use whatever means of authentication is available.

T1133External Remote ServicesEvidence1

“the infection chain begins when threat actors gain initial access… using stolen credentials or authentication tokens… refresh tokens, or JSON Web Tokens (JWTs), threat actors authenticate to the Azure environment.”

Execution

1 technique
T1059.006PythonEvidence1

Let's authorize a Microsoft public client application using Python. In this example, we will complete an device authorization grant flow as the Azure CLI public client application.

Persistence

2 techniques
T1078Valid AccountsEvidence1

Threat actors also run the tool after obtaining initial access to the victim environment... AzureHound supports multiple means of authentication, including: Username and password Refresh tokens JSON web tokens (JWT) Service principal secrets Service principal certificates... Threat actors will use whatever means of authentication is available.

T1133External Remote ServicesEvidence1

“the infection chain begins when threat actors gain initial access… using stolen credentials or authentication tokens… refresh tokens, or JSON Web Tokens (JWTs), threat actors authenticate to the Azure environment.”

Privilege Escalation

1 technique
T1078Valid AccountsEvidence1

Threat actors also run the tool after obtaining initial access to the victim environment... AzureHound supports multiple means of authentication, including: Username and password Refresh tokens JSON web tokens (JWT) Service principal secrets Service principal certificates... Threat actors will use whatever means of authentication is available.

Stealth

1 technique
T1078Valid AccountsEvidence1

Threat actors also run the tool after obtaining initial access to the victim environment... AzureHound supports multiple means of authentication, including: Username and password Refresh tokens JSON web tokens (JWT) Service principal secrets Service principal certificates... Threat actors will use whatever means of authentication is available.

Credential Access

2 techniques
T1539Steal Web Session CookieEvidence2

Infostealers such as Raccoon Stealer or Redline can extract cookies, credentials and session tokens from a user's browser. Researchers from Flare found that session tokens acquired from infostealers have exposed tokens from Azure.

T1649Steal or Forge Authentication CertificatesEvidence1

AzureHound supports multiple means of authentication, including... Service principal certificates

Discovery

13 techniques
T1018Remote System DiscoveryEvidence1

"AD Explorer for Active Directory environment mapping"; "AzureHound and Roadtools for Azure AD reconnaissance"

T1069Permission Groups DiscoveryEvidence2

The threat actor has also in some cases enumerated the compromised organization's Microsoft Entra ID configuration using the publicly available AzureHound tool to gain information about the users, roles, groups, applications, and devices belonging to that tenant.

T1069.001Local GroupsEvidence3

Detect AzureHound Command-Line Arguments ... Local Groups ... Detect SharpHound Usage ... Local Groups ... Group Discovery Via Net ... Local Groups

T1069.002Domain GroupsEvidence3

Detect AzureHound Command-Line Arguments ... Domain Groups ... Detect SharpHound Usage ... Domain Groups ... Group Discovery Via Net ... Domain Groups

T1069.003Cloud GroupsEvidence1

T1069.003: Permission Groups Discovery: Cloud Groups Once threat actors know the identities within the target environment, they need to understand the relationships between the identities by discovering permission structures... For Permissions Groups Discovery: Cloud Accounts, AzureHound has the following capabilities: list groups list roles list group-members list group-owners list role-assignments list app-role-assignments list key-vault-access-policies list management-group-role-assignments list resource-group-role-assignments list subscription-role-assignments list virtual-machine-role-assignments

T1087Account DiscoveryEvidence2

Tokens are needed not only for manual enumeration via APIs but also for tools like AzureHound or GraphRunner, which require a valid refresh token.

T1087.001Local AccountEvidence3

Detect AzureHound Command-Line Arguments ... Local Account ... Detect SharpHound Usage ... Local Account ... Windows SOAPHound Binary Execution ... Local Account

T1087.002Domain AccountEvidence4

Step 2 - Reconnaissance T1087.002, T1482, T1518.001, T1057, T1082 | Affiliate Domain enumeration via obfuscated ADRecon.ps1, nltest, net group, tasklist, sc query.

T1087.004Cloud AccountEvidence6

T1087.004: Account Discovery: Cloud To establish a foundational understanding of the target environment, a threat actor might first locate the identities operating within it... AzureHound parameters that facilitate the MITRE technique Account Discovery: Cloud Account include the following: list users list devices list device-owners list service-principals list service-principal-owners

T1482Domain Trust DiscoveryEvidence3

Detect AzureHound Command-Line Arguments ... Domain Trust Discovery ... Detect SharpHound Usage ... Domain Trust Discovery ... Windows SOAPHound Binary Execution ... Domain Trust Discovery

T1526Cloud Service DiscoveryEvidence8

T1526: Cloud Service Discovery Beyond storage and identities, an actor will seek to understand what platform services are in use... For Cloud Service Discovery, AzureHound has the following capabilities: list apps list web-apps list function-apps list logic-apps list automation-accounts list managed-clusters list vm-scale-sets list container-registries

T1580Cloud Infrastructure DiscoveryEvidence1

T1580: Cloud Infrastructure Discovery To fully grasp the architecture of the target environment, a threat actor must discover the foundational infrastructure components... For Cloud Infrastructure Discovery, AzureHound has the following capabilities: list tenants list subscriptions list resource-groups list management-groups list virtual-machines list key-vaults

T1619Cloud Storage Object DiscoveryEvidence1

T1619: Cloud Storage Object Discovery A primary objective for many threat actors is data exfiltration, making it critical to identify where data is stored... AzureHound has two options for storage object discovery, covering both Azure storage accounts and containers: list storage-accounts list storage-containers

INDICATORS OF COMPROMISE

IOCs tracked for this family

1 indicator attributed across vendor reports, sandbox runs, and researcher write-ups. Full values are available in Mallory.

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Network
1 tracked

IPs, domains, and DNS infrastructure linked to this family.

TypeValueLatest sighting
domain●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app4 months ago
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IOC matching1

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Threat actor attribution5

Named campaigns wielding this family, with evidence pinned to each claim.

Exploited vulnerabilities

CVEs this family uses for access and lateral movement.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

MITRE ATT&CK mapping18

Every documented technique, ranked by evidence weight.

Researcher chatter

Reddit, Mastodon, and CTI community discussion around this family.