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MalwareRansomwareUsed by 2 actors

AuKill

AuKill is a Windows defense-evasion malware/tool used to disable endpoint detection and response (EDR) and other security products prior to follow-on payload deployment, including ransomware and backdoors. Sophos X-Ops reported that it abuses an outdated Microsoft-signed Process Explorer driver from Process Explorer version 16.32 in a bring-your-own-vulnerable-driver (BYOVD) technique. The malware drops a driver named PROCEXP.SYS into C:\Windows\System32\drivers, drops a copy of its executable into System32 or the TEMP directory, and runs itself as a service. It requires administrative privileges and does not itself grant initial admin access; if not already running as SYSTEM, it attempts to relaunch with SYSTEM privileges by impersonating TrustedInstaller.exe, including starting the Trusted Installer service, duplicating its token, and using CreateProcessWithTokenW. AuKill requires the first command-line argument to be the keyword "startkey," which it validates via a hardcoded arithmetic check against 57502 (0xE09E). Once active, it continuously monitors for targeted security components using multiple threads, terminates protected processes by sending IOCTL_CLOSE_HANDLE to the vulnerable Process Explorer driver, disables services via ChangeServiceConfigW with SERVICE_DISABLED, and in at least one variant unloads targeted drivers via NtUnloadDriver and deletes related registry service keys under System\CurrentControlSet\Services. Sophos collected six variants, labeled V1 through V6, with compilation timestamps spanning November 2022 to February 2023, and observed variant-specific targeting that included Sophos components as well as Microsoft, Splashtop, ElasticSearch, and Aladdin HASP Software components. Sophos linked AuKill to at least three ransomware incidents in early 2023, including attacks involving Medusa Locker in January and February 2023 and LockBit in February 2023, and other reporting notes its use before ransomware or backdoor deployment. Sophos found strong similarities between AuKill and the open-source Backstab tool, including nearly identical driver-interaction logic and debug strings, and detects AuKill as ATK/BackStab-D. Reporting in the provided content also associates AuKill with FIN7, stating FIN7 developed AuKill, also known as AvNeutralizer, and that it was later offered for sale on criminal marketplaces.

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THREAT ACTORS

Groups observed using it

2 distinct threat actors attributed by public researchers. Open in Mallory to see the full evidence chain and overlapping campaigns.

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FIN7

FIN7 also developed AuKill (also known as AvNeutralizer), a custom EDR evasion utility designed to disable endpoint security solutions, which was later reported to have been offered for sale by the group on criminal marketplaces.

via recorded future blogrecordedfuture.com
LockBit

Sophos X-Ops has investigated multiple incidents where attackers attempted to disable EDR clients with a new defense evasion tool we’ve dubbed AuKill. The AuKill tool abuses an outdated version of the driver used by version 16.32 of the Microsoft utility, Process Explorer, to disable EDR processes before deploying either a backdoor or ransomware on the target system.

via sophos threat researchnews.sophos.com
MITRE ATT&CK

Techniques & procedures

18 distinct techniques documented for this family, organized by ATT&CK tactic.

Execution

1 technique
T1574.011Services Registry Permissions WeaknessEvidence1

For each service name in the list, AuKill checks if it exists, and if it does, disables it by calling ChangeServiceConfigW and passing SERVICE_DISABLED for dwStartType.

Persistence

3 techniques
T1112Modify RegistryEvidence2

For each driver name, AuKill tries to unload it via calling NtUnloadDriver and deleting the corresponding registry key in the hive System\CurrentControlSet\Services\[DRIVER_NAME].

T1543Create or Modify System ProcessEvidence1

For each service name in the list, AuKill checks if it exists, and if it does, disables it by calling ChangeServiceConfigW and passing SERVICE_DISABLED for dwStartType.

T1543.003Windows ServiceEvidence2

Finally, it copies itself to C:\Windows\system32, installs itself as a service, and starts the service.

Privilege Escalation

6 techniques
T1068Exploitation for Privilege EscalationEvidence6

This technique is commonly referred to as a “bring your own vulnerable driver” (BYOVD) attack.

T1134Access Token ManipulationEvidence1

Then it duplicates the token of TrustedInstaller.exe using the DuplicateTokenW WINAPI function, and passes the token to CreateProcessWithTokenW to elevate itself to SYSTEM once the process restarts.

T1134.001Token Impersonation/TheftEvidence1

Then it duplicates the token of TrustedInstaller.exe using the DuplicateTokenW WINAPI function, and passes the token to CreateProcessWithTokenW to elevate itself to SYSTEM once the process restarts.

T1543Create or Modify System ProcessEvidence1

For each service name in the list, AuKill checks if it exists, and if it does, disables it by calling ChangeServiceConfigW and passing SERVICE_DISABLED for dwStartType.

T1543.003Windows ServiceEvidence2

Finally, it copies itself to C:\Windows\system32, installs itself as a service, and starts the service.

T1548Abuse Elevation Control MechanismEvidence1

If the sample does not run with SYSTEM privileges, it continues by attempting to elevate its rights by impersonating the security context of TrustedInstaller.exe.

Stealth

7 techniques
T1027Obfuscated Files or InformationEvidence1

“This tool has been found in the wild as a packed payload… analysis of the associated private packer… ‘PackXOR’… The aim of packing is to hinder the work of malware analysts and antivirus/EDR software, by concealing payloads and delaying their detection.”

T1036MasqueradingEvidence2

AuKill drops a driver named PROCEXP.SYS (from the release version 16.32 of process Explorer) into the C:\Windows\System32\drivers path. The legitimate Process Explorer driver is named PROCEXP152.sys, and normally is found in the same location.

T1070Indicator RemovalEvidence2

For each driver name, AuKill tries to unload it via calling NtUnloadDriver and deleting the corresponding registry key in the hive System\CurrentControlSet\Services\[DRIVER_NAME].

T1070.004File DeletionEvidence2

FIN7 also developed AuKill (also known as AvNeutralizer), a custom EDR evasion utility designed to disable endpoint security solutions...

T1134Access Token ManipulationEvidence1

Then it duplicates the token of TrustedInstaller.exe using the DuplicateTokenW WINAPI function, and passes the token to CreateProcessWithTokenW to elevate itself to SYSTEM once the process restarts.

T1134.001Token Impersonation/TheftEvidence1

Then it duplicates the token of TrustedInstaller.exe using the DuplicateTokenW WINAPI function, and passes the token to CreateProcessWithTokenW to elevate itself to SYSTEM once the process restarts.

T1574.011Services Registry Permissions WeaknessEvidence1

For each service name in the list, AuKill checks if it exists, and if it does, disables it by calling ChangeServiceConfigW and passing SERVICE_DISABLED for dwStartType.

Defense Impairment

2 techniques
T1112Modify RegistryEvidence2

For each driver name, AuKill tries to unload it via calling NtUnloadDriver and deleting the corresponding registry key in the hive System\CurrentControlSet\Services\[DRIVER_NAME].

T1553Subvert Trust ControlsEvidence1

脆弱な署名済みドライバを武器化し ... Process Explorer(ProcExp)ドライバ(Microsoft署名済み)を悪用

Discovery

2 techniques
T1007System Service DiscoveryEvidence1

For each service name in the list, AuKill checks if it exists, and if it does, disables it by calling ChangeServiceConfigW and passing SERVICE_DISABLED for dwStartType.

T1057Process DiscoveryEvidence1

It iterates through all running processes. If a process name is included in the list, AuKill sends IO control code IOCTL_CLOSE_HANDLE to procexp.sys to close the process handle.

Impact

1 technique
T1489Service StopEvidence2

The second type of function takes a list of vendors’ related process names as an argument... if a process name is included in this list, AuKill attempts to forcefully terminate it via TerminateProcess.

Other

2 techniques
T1562Impair DefensesEvidence8

FIN7 also developed AuKill (also known as AvNeutralizer), a custom EDR evasion utility designed to disable endpoint security solutions...

T1562.001Disable or Modify ToolsEvidence6

The earliest version of AvNeutralizer... exploited weaker versions (< 17.0) of Process Explorer drivers... The tool utilized this weakness to tamper with security solutions installed on the system.

INDICATORS OF COMPROMISE

IOCs tracked for this family

7 indicators attributed across vendor reports, sandbox runs, and researcher write-ups. Full values are available in Mallory.

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Hashes
7 tracked

File hashes (MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256) from samples and reports.

TypeValueLatest sighting
hash.sha1●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app1 year ago
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hash.sha1●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app1 year ago
hash.sha1●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app4 years ago
hash.sha1●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app4 years ago
hash.sha1●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app4 years ago
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IOC matching7

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Threat actor attribution2

Named campaigns wielding this family, with evidence pinned to each claim.

Exploited vulnerabilities

CVEs this family uses for access and lateral movement.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

MITRE ATT&CK mapping18

Every documented technique, ranked by evidence weight.

Researcher chatter

Reddit, Mastodon, and CTI community discussion around this family.