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Mallory
MalwareRansomwareUsed by 3 actorsExploits 2 CVEs

Mythic

Also known asmythic_c2

Mythic is an open-source, collaborative, multi-platform post-exploitation and command-and-control (C2) framework from SpecterOps. It is agent-agnostic and supports agents in multiple languages and for multiple platforms. Reported Mythic agents include Apfell (JXA for macOS), Apollo (.NET for Windows), Poseidon (Go-based, including macOS support), and a Rust-based "coffee" agent. Mythic supports multiple C2 protocols including HTTP, TCP, DNS, and SMB, as well as HTTP-based profiles, SSL-encrypted C2, modified SOCKS5 proxy tunneling for egress traffic, scripting of file downloads from agents, and custom chunk sizes for file upload/download operations.

Although designed for red teaming, the framework is repeatedly described as commonly abused by threat actors in the wild. Content provided links Mythic infrastructure or payloads to multiple malicious operations. Researchers identified Go binaries built on Mythic in a malicious Rust crate supply-chain campaign ("CrateDepression") targeting GitLab CI environments; the second-stage payloads were Poseidon agents for Linux and macOS communicating with api.kakn[.]li (64.227.12[.]57) and supporting persistence, keylogging, screen capture, file upload/download, and remote administration. A private Mythic-compatible backdoor named Loki (Backdoor.Win64.MLoki), derived from a Havoc agent, was used in targeted attacks against more than a dozen Russian companies in engineering and healthcare; associated C2s included y[.]nsitelecom[.]ru/certcenter, document[.]info-cloud[.]ru/data, and ui[.]telecomz[.]ru/data. ESET reported that RomCom exploited CVE-2025-8088 in WinRAR spearphishing campaigns targeting financial, manufacturing, defense, and logistics organizations in Europe and Canada, with successful exploitation delivering a Mythic agent alongside SnipBot and RustyClaw. Breakglass Intelligence recovered a Rust-based Mythic "coffee" agent DLL (xolehlp.dll, SHA256 67d7f993304c211f727ac8e25ece366f345f349e38ec62316d66c173943bd244) and encrypted loader (svchost_icewrap.exe, SHA256 c6210ba0144d8a2c502398aa591b8b6053c186d6b72146e14d09018fe35663c1) from malicious MSC-based delivery chains; the coffee agent used a hardcoded AES-256-HMAC pre-shared key and supported commands including coffee, upload, c2_update, download, continued_task, sleep, and exit. Additional reporting describes a custom-built Mythic implant delivered via loaders and obfuscated shellcode from search.bin, communicating with zeccecard[.]com/grain/duke, performing RSA-4096 key exchange, and sending host metadata such as username, hostname, domain, OS, architecture, local IPs, executable path, integrity level, and PID.

Observed infrastructure indicators include a Mythic C2 server on 194.163.175[.]135:7443, FOFA fingerprints using HTML title "Mythic" and favicon hash -859291042, and reporting that one Mythic C2 instance had 1,330 sightings. Recorded Future reported Mythic usage increased by 33% in 2022 compared with 2021. Overall, the content supports characterizing Mythic as a legitimate offensive security framework that is also actively repurposed by threat actors for backdoor deployment, persistence, remote command execution, credential and data theft, tunneling, and broader post-exploitation across Windows, Linux, and macOS environments.

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EXPLOITED CVES

Vulnerabilities exploited

2 CVEs Mallory has correlated with this family across public research and vendor advisories. Each row links to the full Mallory page for that vulnerability.

2 CVES
CVE-2025-8088WinRAR Windows Path Traversal via NTFS Alternate Data StreamsExploited in the wild

ESET researchers have discovered a previously unknown zero-day vulnerability in WinRAR being exploited in the wild by Russia-aligned group RomCom... now assigned CVE-2025-8088: a path traversal vulnerability, made possible with the use of alternate data streams. | Successful exploitation attempts delivered various backdoors used by the RomCom group, specifically a SnipBot variant, RustyClaw, and the Mythic agent.

via eseteset.com
CVE-2025-26633MSC EvilTwinExploited in the wild

Three Attack Variants Observed GrimResource (CVE-2025-26633): XSS via apds.dll res:// protocol handler

via breakglass intelintel.breakglass.tech
THREAT ACTORS

Groups observed using it

3 distinct threat actors attributed by public researchers. Open in Mallory to see the full evidence chain and overlapping campaigns.

View more details
RomCom

Successful exploitation attempts delivered various backdoors used by the RomCom group, specifically a SnipBot variant, RustyClaw, and the Mythic agent.

via eseteset.com
Indrik Spider

"Three minutes prior to the delivery of RomCom’s shellcode loader, the operator tests the connection to Mythic C2."

via arctic wolf blogarcticwolf.com
ShadowSyndicate

ShadowSyndicate continues to be associated with toolkits including Cobalt Strike, Metasploit, Havoc, Mythic, Sliver, AsyncRAT, MeshAgent, and Brute Ratel.

via the hacker newsthehackernews.com
MITRE ATT&CK

Techniques & procedures

29 distinct techniques documented for this family, organized by ATT&CK tactic.

Initial Access

2 techniques
T1195.001Compromise Software Dependencies and Development ToolsEvidence1

SentinelLabs has investigated a supply-chain attack against the Rust development community... the malicious crate typosquats against the well known rust_decimal package... the intended targeting could lead to subsequent larger scale supply-chain attacks depending on the GitLab CI pipelines infected.

T1566.001Spearphishing AttachmentEvidence1

"CVE-2025-8088 was exploited by RomCom in an email spearphishing campaign... A malicious archive, disguised as a job applicant’s curriculum vitae or resume, was attached to the emails"

Execution

6 techniques
T1059Command and Scripting InterpreterEvidence1

This script generates an Office macro which uses osascript to download and execute the Mythic JXA .js payload.

T1059.002AppleScriptEvidence1

Рабочее решение — apfell-агент, который работает через osascript (AppleScript, T1059.002, Execution) и не зависит от архитектуры процессора. Callback через osascript проходит на arm64 без проблем.

T1059.004Unix ShellEvidence1

The agent currently employs three commands that imitate standard Jamf policy instructions... execute_command execute_command Executes a bash command on the target device with root privileges.

T1059.005Visual BasicEvidence2

This script generates an Office macro which uses osascript to download and execute the Mythic JXA .js payload.

T1059.007JavaScriptEvidence1

Set up Mythic C2 server and generate an "apfell" jxa payload... Host that payload... uses osascript to download and execute the Mythic JXA .js payload.

T1204.002Malicious FileEvidence1

Copy and paste that macro into an MS Office doc.

Persistence

2 techniques
T1112Modify RegistryEvidence1

"Updater.lnk adds a registry value and sets it to %TEMP%\msedge.dll"

T1547.015Login ItemsEvidence1

Mythic does have the ability to add Login Item persistence even from the App Sandbox.

Privilege Escalation

2 techniques
T1547.015Login ItemsEvidence1

Mythic does have the ability to add Login Item persistence even from the App Sandbox.

T1548Abuse Elevation Control MechanismEvidence1

The typhon agent utilises functionality provided by the Jamf binary. As such no additional code needs to be introduced to the compromised device for this agent to operate... execute_command execute_command Executes a bash command on the target device with root privileges.

Stealth

4 techniques
T1027.002Software PackingEvidence1

This post is about that loader, which we call WasmForge ... You point it at a Go project and you get back a Windows or macOS binary that runs your tool but doesn’t look anything like it ... The third generates an outer Go binary containing a Wazero runtime, embeds the encrypted WASM module into the binary’s PE sections.

T1036MasqueradingEvidence1

Remove the first line of the Mythic JXA .js launcher... Some static A/V signatures have been known to check for this static string.

T1218System Binary Proxy ExecutionEvidence1

This script generates an Office macro which uses osascript to download and execute the Mythic JXA .js payload.

T1480.001Environmental KeyingEvidence1

"msedge.dll exits before deploying the Mythic agent if the target machine’s domain name does not match a hardcoded company name"

Defense Impairment

3 techniques
T1112Modify RegistryEvidence1

"Updater.lnk adds a registry value and sets it to %TEMP%\msedge.dll"

T1553Subvert Trust ControlsEvidence1

he read the entitlements of macOS Office products and used that information to determine where files could be written to disk from a sandboxed MS Office macro.

T1553.001Gatekeeper BypassEvidence1

Обход Gatekeeper (T1553.001, Defense Evasion)… Gatekeeper проверяет атрибут com.apple.quarantine у скачанных файлов и блокирует неподписанный или ненотаризованный код. А вот при доставке через curl, scp или rsync — не ставится, и Gatekeeper молчит.

Discovery

2 techniques
T1046Network Service DiscoveryEvidence1

Practical queries for identifying malware infrastructure with FOFA.

T1082System Information DiscoveryEvidence1

Tribunus – A custom internal Mythic implant ... We tested standard commands like shell, ps, netstat, whoami .

Lateral Movement

2 techniques
T1210Exploitation of Remote ServicesEvidence1

“CVE-2020-1472, also known as ZeroLogon, allows for compromising a vulnerable operating system and executing commands as a privileged user.” | “CVE-2021-34527, also known as PrintNightmare… enabling remote access to a vulnerable OS and high-privilege command execution.”

T1570Lateral Tool TransferEvidence1

If your goal is simply to execute a C2 payload, you can include the binary in the project directory and then execute it.

Collection

1 technique
T1119Automated CollectionEvidence1

Agrius used a custom tool, sql.net4.exe, to query SQL databases and then identify and extract personally identifiable information... AppleSeed has automatically collected data from USB drives, keystrokes, and screen images before exfiltration... Ember Bear engages in mass collection from compromised systems during intrusions.

Command and Control

6 techniques
T1071Application Layer ProtocolEvidence14

Hunting C2/Adversaries Infrastructure with Shodan and Censys ... My research Cobalt Strike C2 Metasploit/MSF Covenant C2 Deimos C2 Posh C2 Brute Ratel C4 Mythic C2 Sliver C2 ... Night Hawk C2 NimPlant C2 ShadowPad C2 Infrastructure Async Rat C2 Infrastructure Meterpreter C2 Infrastructure

T1071.001Web ProtocolsEvidence4

The content repeatedly describes threat actors and malware using HTTP and HTTPS for command and control, such as: "Sandworm Team used BlackEnergy to communicate between compromised hosts and their command-and-control servers via HTTP post requests."

T1071.004DNSEvidence1

It supports several protocols for C2 including HTTP, WireGuard, and DNS... Mythic is an open source post-exploitation framework... and supports multiple protocols for C2 including TCP, HTTPM, DNS, and SMB.

T1090.003Multi-hop ProxyEvidence1

APT28 used other victims as proxies to relay command traffic, for instance using a compromised Georgian military email server as a hop point to NATO victims.

T1105Ingress Tool TransferEvidence5

This script generates an Office macro which uses osascript to download and execute the Mythic JXA .js payload... Host that payload... use python -m SimpleHTTPServer to host

T1573Encrypted ChannelEvidence1

The content repeatedly describes malware and threat actors using SSL, TLS, HTTPS, RSA, AES, Blowfish, RC4, ECIES, Diffie-Hellman, OpenSSL, WolfSSL, and mutual TLS to protect command and control traffic.

Exfiltration

1 technique
T1030Data Transfer Size LimitsEvidence1

AppleSeed has divided files if the size is 0x1000000 bytes or more. APT28 has split archived exfiltration files into chunks smaller than 1MB. APT41 transfers post-exploitation files dividing the payload into fixed-size chunks to evade detection.

INDICATORS OF COMPROMISE

IOCs tracked for this family

53 indicators attributed across vendor reports, sandbox runs, and researcher write-ups. Full values are available in Mallory.

View more in app
Network
30 tracked

IPs, domains, and DNS infrastructure linked to this family.

Hashes
17 tracked

File hashes (MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256) from samples and reports.

Other
6 tracked

Other indicator types observed in public reporting.

TypeValueLatest sighting
ip.v4●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app1 month ago
hash.md5●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app2 months ago
ip.v4●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app2 months ago
uri●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app2 months ago
uri●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app2 months ago
domain●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app2 months ago
What this page doesn’t show

The version that knows your environment.

This page is what’s public. Mallory adds the parts that aren’t: which of your assets match these IOCs, which detections are missing, which campaigns to expect next, and what to do in the next 30 minutes.
IOC matching53

Match every observed IP, domain, and hash against your live telemetry.

Threat actor attribution3

Named campaigns wielding this family, with evidence pinned to each claim.

Exploited vulnerabilities2

CVEs this family uses for access and lateral movement.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

MITRE ATT&CK mapping29

Every documented technique, ranked by evidence weight.

Researcher chatter

Reddit, Mastodon, and CTI community discussion around this family.