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Mallory
North Korea30 malware families

TraderTraitor

Also known asjade sleetslow_piscesTraderTraitorUNC4899

TraderTraitor is a North Korean state-sponsored threat actor focused primarily on generating revenue for the DPRK regime by targeting the cryptocurrency and decentralized finance sector. The group is also tracked as Jade Sleet, Slow Pisces, UNC4899, and PUKCHONG, and multiple sources in the content describe it as a subgroup or subset of the Lazarus Group. Reported targeting includes cryptocurrency exchanges, DeFi platforms, virtual asset service providers, and cryptocurrency developers. The content describes TraderTraitor using social engineering extensively, including fake recruiter personas and approaches over LinkedIn and Telegram, as well as malicious coding challenges and trojanized GitHub repositories aimed at developers. Observed malware delivery and execution techniques include malicious npm and PyPI packages, unsafe PyYAML deserialization in Python projects, and JavaScript execution abuse through EJS rendering. Associated payloads and tooling described in the content include RN Loader, RN Stealer, and post-compromise malware used to steal credentials, cloud configuration, SSH keys, macOS keychains, browser data, and environment variables. The group is also described as using selective payload delivery, anti-analysis checks, memory-resident tooling, and operational patience. The actor is linked in the content to major cryptocurrency theft operations. The FBI attributed the February 2025 theft of approximately $1.5 billion in virtual assets from Bybit to TraderTraitor. Multiple reports in the content also attribute the April 2026 KelpDAO / LayerZero exploit, valued at roughly $292 million, to TraderTraitor / UNC4899 with high confidence, describing compromise of infrastructure involved in cross-chain verification and subsequent laundering through services including THORChain, Wasabi, Tornado Cash, and Umbra. The content also references TraderTraitor in connection with Safe{Wallet} compromise activity and broader DPRK supply-chain and infrastructure clusters, including overlaps or pivots to AppleJeus-related infrastructure. The group is described as laundering stolen assets across thousands of blockchain addresses and converting funds across chains and asset types. The FBI specifically called on RPC node operators, exchanges, bridges, blockchain analytics firms, DeFi services, and other virtual asset service providers to block transactions involving TraderTraitor-linked laundering addresses.

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OPERATIONAL PROFILE

Targeting

Who, where, and (when attributed) which flag flies behind the operation. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.

Who they target

Sectors the actor has been observed targeting.

  • Software & Services
MITRE ATT&CK

Tradecraft

59 distinct techniques observed across reporting, grouped by tactic. Hover any cell for the evidence excerpt; click through for MITRE's full description.

14 of 15 tactics72 techniques×N= number of intelligence reports citing this technique
MITRE ATT&CK
TA0043
Reconnaissance
1 technique
T1589
Gather Victim Identity Information
TA0042
Resource Development
4 techniques
T1583
Acquire Infrastructure
T1583.003
Virtual Private Server
T1584
Compromise Infrastructure
T1586
Compromise Accounts
T1588
Obtain Capabilities
TA0001
Initial Access
5 techniques
T1078×3
Valid Accounts
T1078.004
Cloud Accounts
T1133
External Remote Services
T1195×4
Supply Chain Compromise
T1195.001
Compromise Software Dependencies and Development Tools
T1199×5
Trusted Relationship
T1566×2
Phishing
T1566.001
Spearphishing Attachment
T1566.002×2
Spearphishing Link
T1566.003×3
Spearphishing via Service
TA0002
Execution
6 techniques
T1059
Command and Scripting Interpreter
T1059.006×2
Python
T1059.007×3
JavaScript
T1127
Trusted Developer Utilities Proxy Execution
T1203
Exploitation for Client Execution
T1204×2
User Execution
T1204.002
Malicious File
T1574×2
Hijack Execution Flow
T1651
Cloud Administration Command
TA0003
Persistence
3 techniques
T1078×3
Valid Accounts
T1078.004
Cloud Accounts
T1133
External Remote Services
T1556×2
Modify Authentication Process
TA0004
Privilege Escalation
2 techniques
T1068
Exploitation for Privilege Escalation
T1078×3
Valid Accounts
T1078.004
Cloud Accounts
TA0005
Stealth
9 techniques
T1027
Obfuscated Files or Information
T1036×3
Masquerading
T1070×2
Indicator Removal
T1070.004×2
File Deletion
T1070.009
Clear Persistence
T1078×3
Valid Accounts
T1078.004
Cloud Accounts
T1127
Trusted Developer Utilities Proxy Execution
T1497
Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion
T1574×2
Hijack Execution Flow
T1612
Build Image on Host
T1620
Reflective Code Loading
TA0112
Defense Impairment
1 technique
T1556×2
Modify Authentication Process
TA0006
Credential Access
3 techniques
T1528×2
Steal Application Access Token
T1556×2
Modify Authentication Process
T1649×4
Steal or Forge Authentication Certificates
TA0007
Discovery
4 techniques
T1082×2
System Information Discovery
T1083
File and Directory Discovery
T1497
Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion
T1526×2
Cloud Service Discovery
TA0008
Lateral Movement
1 technique
T1210
Exploitation of Remote Services
TA0011
Command and Control
7 techniques
T1001
Data Obfuscation
T1071
Application Layer Protocol
T1071.001
Web Protocols
T1090×3
Proxy
T1090.003×2
Multi-hop Proxy
T1102
Web Service
T1102.001
Dead Drop Resolver
T1105×3
Ingress Tool Transfer
T1219
Remote Access Tools
T1568
Dynamic Resolution
T1568.003
DNS Calculation
TA0010
Exfiltration
3 techniques
T1041×2
Exfiltration Over C2 Channel
T1537
Transfer Data to Cloud Account
T1567
Exfiltration Over Web Service
TA0040
Impact
5 techniques
T1496
Resource Hijacking
T1498
Network Denial of Service
T1499×4
Endpoint Denial of Service
T1565×4
Data Manipulation
T1657
Financial Theft
ARSENAL

Associated malware families

30 malware families attributed to this actor across reporting.

FamilyContextEvidenceLast seen
RN LoaderThe YAML deserialization payload executes malware we have named RN Loader and RN Stealer based on the C2 token format we observed in RN Stealer. ... This newly created file for RN Loader at ~/Public/__init__.py deletes itself after execution, ensuring that it exists solely in memory. It sends basic information about the victim machine and operating system over HTTPS to the same C2 at en.stockslab[.]org, followed by a command loop.3Jun 14, 2026
RN StealerHowever, we recovered a Python-based infostealer delivered by option 2, and we track this malware as RN Stealer. RN Stealer first generates a random victim ID, subsequently used as a cookie in all communications to the C2 server. It then requests an XOR key from the server for encrypting exfiltrated data.3Jun 14, 2026
BeaverTailThe campaign targeted Web3 and decentralised finance (DeFi) developers globally via AI-generated fake job offers delivered through LinkedIn, using three interoperating malware families BeaverTail, OtterCookie, and InvisibleFerret in a phased infection chain that begins with a malicious coding assessment and culminates in full credential exfiltration and wallet drainage.2May 1, 2026
FudModuleThe 2022 introduction of Fudmodule advanced capabilities through direct kernel manipulation and zero-day exploitation in vulnerable drivers, Chrome, and Windows.2Mar 8, 2026
OtterCookieThe campaign targeted Web3 and decentralised finance (DeFi) developers globally via AI-generated fake job offers delivered through LinkedIn, using three interoperating malware families BeaverTail, OtterCookie, and InvisibleFerret in a phased infection chain that begins with a malicious coding assessment and culminates in full credential exfiltration and wallet drainage.2May 1, 2026

25 additional families tracked in Mallory.

IOCS

Observables

89 indicators attributed to this actor: domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts pulled from reporting. View more in app.

IOC values are gated. View more in Mallory for domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts, or pipe them straight into your SIEM.

ACTIVITY FEED

Recent activity

20 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.

What this page doesn’t show

The version that knows your environment.

This page is what’s public. Mallory adds the parts that aren’t: sector and geo overlap with your footprint, the IOCs they’re burning right now, detection coverage, and what to do next.
Target overlap

Match sector + geo + tech-stack targeting against your real footprint.

Tradecraft mapping59

Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.

Malware arsenal30

Families this actor is known to deploy, with IOCs and behavior.

Exploited CVEs

CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

Observables89

Domains, IPs, and hashes tied to this actor, refreshed continuously.