Loading threat actor…
Jewelbug is a China-based threat actor conducting cyberespionage and financially motivated cryptocurrency fraud through shared operators, infrastructure, and tooling. Its activity overlaps with clusters tracked as Earth Alux, REF7707, CL-STA-0049, and Ink Dragon. It operates as a hackers-for-hire group targeting government ministries, diplomatic institutions, military organizations, telecommunications providers, and technology service providers across the Middle East, Southeast Asia, South Asia, and South America. Additional operations have targeted a Russian IT service provider and a major United States industrial and aerospace manufacturer. Direct Chinese state sponsorship has not been established. Jewelbug manages espionage and fraud operations through XG-Web, a browser-centric remote-access and information-stealing framework with a shared victim database. Its tooling includes the Antino Windows backdoor, the ClientKing Linux and router implant, and a malicious browser extension presented as a PDF viewer. The extension steals credentials, cookies, session tokens, browsing data, screenshots, and clipboard contents; injects JavaScript; intercepts browser traffic; and enables remote browser control. A native-messaging helper extends this access to operating-system command execution. ClientKing supports interactive shells, SOCKS pivoting, DNS tunneling, and in-memory kernel-module loading. Associated Linux tooling includes a kernel rootkit and an authentication module that steals credentials. Initial-access methods include exploitation of vulnerable IIS and SharePoint servers, persistent web shells, malicious HTA downloaders, fake software installers, and watering-hole attacks. In a major operation, Jewelbug compromised a shared Middle Eastern government webmail platform and injected JavaScript affecting at least 15 government tenants. The script stole authentication cookies and selectively displayed fake Adobe Flash update prompts that delivered Antino and browser tooling. Its wider toolkit includes FINALDRAFT, also known as Squidoor or VARGEIT, and the PATHLOADER and GUIDLOADER loaders. Command-and-control techniques include Microsoft Graph and Outlook APIs, DNS and ICMP tunneling, and abuse of public cloud services to conceal payload delivery and communications. Its cryptocurrency fraud operations use SEO poisoning, AI-generated pages impersonating OKX and Binance, and click-fraud bots to attract Chinese-speaking users to trojanized downloads. Large-scale collection has included more than 580,000 browser cookies, thousands of credentials, and more than 2,300 email bodies. The overlapping Antino-related espionage cluster UAT-11587 is tracked separately; it is not an established Jewelbug alias.
Mallory correlates actor tradecraft and target patterns against your stack, your sector, and your geography. See overlap before they land.
Who, where, and (when attributed) which flag flies behind the operation. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.
Sectors the actor has been observed targeting.
Geographies tied to known operations.
Attributed origin per open-source reporting.
59 distinct techniques observed across reporting, grouped by tactic. Hover any cell for the evidence excerpt; click through for MITRE's full description.
18 malware families attributed to this actor across reporting.
13 additional families tracked in Mallory.
129 indicators attributed to this actor: domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts pulled from reporting. View more in app.
20 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.
Named by Symantec for activity described as similar to the UAT-11587 campaign and separately labeled state-sponsored in the content. The reference does not explicitly establish that Jewelbug and UAT-11587 are identical, so Jewelbug is not treated as a confirmed alias.
A China-aligned cluster mentioned as a tactical comparison to Jewelbug. The reference does not establish its involvement in the UAT-11587 campaign or provide specific operational details.
An activity set reported by Symantec as conducting Antino-related espionage activity as well as cryptocurrency fraud. Its relationship to UAT-11587 remains unverified despite operational overlaps.
China-based group conducting cyberespionage alongside cryptocurrency fraud. It uses the XG-Web remote-access framework, Antino backdoor, and malicious browser extensions to steal credentials, browser cookies, and sensitive data while maintaining access to victim networks. The report describes over one million implant check-ins and more than 580,000 stolen browser cookies; these figures do not establish a unique victim count. Specific targeted countries, industries, and state sponsorship are not identified.
Match sector + geo + tech-stack targeting against your real footprint.
Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.
Families this actor is known to deploy, with IOCs and behavior.
CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.
YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.
Domains, IPs, and hashes tied to this actor, refreshed continuously.