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MalwareUsed by 2 actors

DeerStealer

DeerStealer is a Windows-focused information stealer sold as a malware-as-a-service platform. Reporting in the provided content describes subscription tiers ranging from $200/month to $3,000/month, with higher tiers adding hidden VNC, keylogging, clipper functionality, SmartScreen bypass, and remote process management. It is characterized as a credential-focused stealer and has been observed targeting browser passwords, cookies, session tokens, autofill and credit-card data, browsing history, cryptocurrency wallets, browser extensions, Discord and Telegram tokens, messaging-session data, FTP and VPN credentials, Office documents, and OneDrive contents. Multiple reports state it targets data from more than 50 browsers, more than 800 browser extensions, and numerous desktop and hardware-wallet-related applications.

The malware has been delivered through several infection chains in the source material. Observed vectors include fake browser update lures and web inject chains, malicious MSI installers built with WiX Toolset 4.0.0.0, EV-signed MSI packages that abuse trust and SmartScreen reputation, HTA/mshta-based MaaS affiliate builds, ClickFix-style phishing pages that trick users into manually executing PowerShell, and trojanized software bundles or bootstrapper installers. Specific execution chains include DLL sideloading via legitimate signed binaries such as iMyFone Feedback Utils.exe with a trojanized Qt5Network.dll, Zoner Photo Studio VoTransmitt.exe with a trojanized sciter32.dll, and installers that unpack intermediate loaders before deploying DeerStealer. One analyzed sample used a GhostPulse loader that concealed the payload in headerless PNG-style IDAT chunks stored in cachedrv.xml, with encrypted configuration in servicetable68.cfg. Another WiX Burn sample disguised as "Antonomasia" by publisher "Cyme" used Bichromate.dll masquerading as Adobe CCMNative.dll to decrypt and execute DeerStealer entirely in memory while displaying a legitimate Active@ Password Changer decoy.

Persistence mechanisms directly mentioned in the content include scheduled tasks, HKCU Run key persistence using the value name AppVTemplate, and persistence established by MSI CustomActions before final payload deployment. Anti-analysis and evasion features described in the content include use of signed or EV-signed binaries and installers, in-memory decryption and execution, DLL sideloading, encrypted configuration and payload containers, self-deletion in HTA-based variants, anti-sandbox checks, and rootkit-like or stealth-oriented capabilities. One report states DeerStealer uses Telegram for execution notifications, and another states stolen data may be staged locally in SQLite tables named ribs_collection and ribs_payload before exfiltration via XOR-encrypted HTTPS POST requests and AES-encrypted ZIP archives through a Cloudflare-backed proxy layer.

Associated threat activity in the content links DeerStealer to multiple financially motivated ecosystems and operators. Proofpoint reported TA2727 delivering DeerStealer to Windows users via fake browser update chains, with TA2726 acting as a traffic distribution service redirecting victims by geography. TAG-150, later named GrayBravo, is reported to have used CastleLoader infrastructure to deliver DeerStealer among other payloads. DeerStealer also appears in ShadowLadder campaign reporting, in ITarian abuse chains following fake browser update lures, and in affiliate-operated MaaS activity including HTA-based builds and Telegram-advertised sales. One report attributes the DeerStealer MaaS ecosystem to sales by @LuciferXfiles on Telegram-based cybercrime forums.

High-confidence indicators and artifacts explicitly mentioned in the content include: MSI RVJVAUQL.msi SHA-256 ee5e941218bcf1285b2640c4b2f8baf3ffa44a73b6894ce871a22cbc24b80600; trojanized Qt5Network.dll SHA-256 73d2b832d07ab4f6f893f915ca35a43359250c659900357642c6af1f9cd5e130; cachedrv.xml SHA-256 fdbc169b439b430b7c4688ec3bc56de604d1eaaed66a7c919225981a654ad2ae; servicetable68.cfg SHA-256 3d8f0ef413fec6f85e335ca089da1f67439dbe1c8f5c01fc001b5c03b58028bd; WiX Burn sample SHA-256 04bb4867d35e77e8e391f3829cf07a542a73815fc8be975a7733790d6e04243c; Bichromate.dll SHA-256 58a6b1fe90145f8ae431d05952d1751e705ae46a81be1c2257f5e1e0ce0292c7; encrypted payload file jri SHA-256 d704f5f01487ca3340454240868515de1a43a1b65e5b4a97a74ab409c8441f82; config file yodpxub SHA-256 1a5991a30e9d339cbb0143d4bd134509cf4effc7fead7f4f7dcc059990efd669; active or associated C2 domains telluricaphelion[.]com, loadinnnhr[.]today, nacreousoculus[.]pro, ncloud-servers[.]shop, watchlist-verizon[.]com, 365-drive[.]com; campaign domains statswpmy[.]com and trackingmyadsas[.]com; and ClickFix-delivered MSI SHA-256 ead6b1f0add059261ac56e9453131184bc0ae2869f983b6a41a1abb167edf151 with precursor batch file cv.bat SHA-256 2b74674587a65cfc9c2c47865ca8128b4f7e47142bd4f53ed6f3cb5cf37f7a6b.

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THREAT ACTORS

Groups observed using it

2 distinct threat actors attributed by public researchers. Open in Mallory to see the full evidence chain and overlapping campaigns.

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TA2727

Groups like TA2727 use similar JavaScript injects and lures to distribute their own malware, including information stealers like Lumma and DeerStealer.

via orangecyberdefenseorangecyberdefense.com
@LuciferXfiles

A WiX Burn installer calling itself "Antonomasia" by "Cyme" bundles a fully functional copy of Active@ Password Changer alongside DeerStealer -- a MaaS infostealer that will drain your browser credentials, crypto wallets, and messaging sessions before you finish clicking through the setup wizard.

via breakglass intelintel.breakglass.tech
MITRE ATT&CK

Techniques & procedures

28 distinct techniques documented for this family, organized by ATT&CK tactic.

Initial Access

2 techniques
T1189Drive-by CompromiseEvidence2

When a user visits a compromised site, the injected script executes itself... For a targeted user, the script displays a highly convincing, yet fake, pop-up alert urging to update the browser used.

T1566.002Spearphishing LinkEvidence1

For a targeted user, the script displays a highly convincing, yet fake, pop-up alert urging to update the browser used (e.g. Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox).

Execution

3 techniques
T1053.005Scheduled TaskEvidence2

T1053.005 Persistence Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task zceWriter, dyApp, Pluginsecurity_dbg

T1204User ExecutionEvidence1

When the “Update” button was clicked, an MSI file was downloaded and the webpage displayed instructions on how to install the payload.

T1204.002Malicious FileEvidence5

If a Mac user outside of North America visited the compromised website from a web browser, they were redirected to a fake update page that, if the Update button was clicked, downloaded and installed an information stealer.

Persistence

3 techniques
T1053.005Scheduled TaskEvidence2

T1053.005 Persistence Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task zceWriter, dyApp, Pluginsecurity_dbg

T1205Traffic SignalingEvidence1

TA2726 appears to be a traffic seller and operates a TDS that can serve other threat actors to facilitate their malware distribution.

T1547.001Registry Run Keys / Startup FolderEvidence2

T1547.001 Persistence Registry Run Keys HKCU Run key "AppVTemplate"

Privilege Escalation

2 techniques
T1053.005Scheduled TaskEvidence2

T1053.005 Persistence Scheduled Task/Job: Scheduled Task zceWriter, dyApp, Pluginsecurity_dbg

T1547.001Registry Run Keys / Startup FolderEvidence2

T1547.001 Persistence Registry Run Keys HKCU Run key "AppVTemplate"

Stealth

7 techniques
T1027Obfuscated Files or InformationEvidence3

T1027 Defense Evasion Obfuscated Files or Information XOR-encrypted config, AES-encrypted payload

T1036MasqueradingEvidence1

The MSI installed and executed the legitimate and signed application “Rene.E Facebook Widget”. However, one of the bundled DLLs was trojanized with DOILoader, which was side loaded upon execution.

T1036.001Invalid Code SignatureEvidence1

MITRE ATT&CK Technique ID Masquerading: Invalid Code Signature T1036.001 Legitimate signature on malicious payload

T1036.005Match Legitimate Resource Name or LocationEvidence2

T1036.005 Defense Evasion Masquerading: Match Legitimate Name "Antonomasia" by "Cyme" + Active@ Password Changer decoy

T1140Deobfuscate/Decode Files or InformationEvidence2

T1140 Defense Evasion Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information In-memory decryption via CryptoPP

T1205Traffic SignalingEvidence1

TA2726 appears to be a traffic seller and operates a TDS that can serve other threat actors to facilitate their malware distribution.

T1218.007MsiexecEvidence2

Execution Windows Installer T1218.007 MSI deploys payload via msiexec

Credential Access

4 techniques
T1056.001KeyloggingEvidence2

T1056.001 Collection Input Capture: Keylogging Live keylogger

T1539Steal Web Session CookieEvidence2

Credential Access Steal Web Session Cookie T1539 Browser cookie exfiltration

T1552.001Credentials In FilesEvidence2

T1552.001 Credential Access Unsecured Credentials: Credentials In Files VPN/FTP configuration file theft

T1555.003Credentials from Web BrowsersEvidence4

T1555.003 Credential Access Credentials from Password Stores: Web Browsers 50+ browsers targeted

Discovery

2 techniques
T1082System Information DiscoveryEvidence2

The actor used filtering to determine what browser the recipient used and downloaded the payload that aligned with their browser.

T1083File and Directory DiscoveryEvidence2

T1083 Discovery File and Directory Discovery System enumeration

Collection

5 techniques
T1005Data from Local SystemEvidence1

T1005 Collection Data from Local System Documents, credentials, wallet files

T1056.001KeyloggingEvidence2

T1056.001 Collection Input Capture: Keylogging Live keylogger

T1074.001Local Data StagingEvidence1

T1074.001 Collection Data Staged: Local Data Staging SQLite databases (ribs_collection, ribs_payload)

T1115Clipboard DataEvidence1

Collection Clipboard Data T1115 Cryptocurrency address replacement (14+ types)

T1125Video CaptureEvidence1

T1125 Collection Video Capture Hidden VNC server at 30 FPS

Command and Control

5 techniques
T1071.001Web ProtocolsEvidence2

T1071.001 Command and Control Application Layer Protocol: Web Protocols HTTPS C2 via Cloudflare

T1090ProxyEvidence1

Command and Control Proxy T1090 Gasket proxy system for IP obfuscation

T1205Traffic SignalingEvidence1

TA2726 appears to be a traffic seller and operates a TDS that can serve other threat actors to facilitate their malware distribution.

T1573Encrypted ChannelEvidence1

Command and Control Encrypted Channel T1573 HTTPS C2 communication

T1573.001Symmetric CryptographyEvidence2

T1573.001 Command and Control Encrypted Channel: Symmetric Cryptography XOR + AES encrypted C2 traffic

Exfiltration

1 technique
T1041Exfiltration Over C2 ChannelEvidence1

T1041 Exfiltration Exfiltration Over C2 Channel HTTPS POST with encrypted archives

INDICATORS OF COMPROMISE

IOCs tracked for this family

53 indicators attributed across vendor reports, sandbox runs, and researcher write-ups. Full values are available in Mallory.

View more in app
Network
40 tracked

IPs, domains, and DNS infrastructure linked to this family.

Hashes
13 tracked

File hashes (MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256) from samples and reports.

TypeValueLatest sighting
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ACTIVITY FEED

Recent activity

26 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.

What this page doesn’t show

The version that knows your environment.

This page is what’s public. Mallory adds the parts that aren’t: which of your assets match these IOCs, which detections are missing, which campaigns to expect next, and what to do in the next 30 minutes.
IOC matching53

Match every observed IP, domain, and hash against your live telemetry.

Threat actor attribution2

Named campaigns wielding this family, with evidence pinned to each claim.

Exploited vulnerabilities

CVEs this family uses for access and lateral movement.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

MITRE ATT&CK mapping28

Every documented technique, ranked by evidence weight.

Researcher chatter

Reddit, Mastodon, and CTI community discussion around this family.