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REF3076 is a financially motivated Brazilian cybercrime activity cluster associated with the TCLBANKER banking trojan. The cluster has been linked to a major evolution of the Maverick banking trojan ecosystem and overlaps with activity attributed elsewhere to Water Saci. Its operations focus on Brazilian victims and target dozens of banking, fintech, and cryptocurrency platforms. REF3076 uses a multi-stage infection chain in which TCLBANKER is delivered through an installer package and executed via DLL side-loading through a signed legitimate application. The malware employs extensive defense-evasion measures, including anti-debugging, anti-virtualization, anti-analysis checks, removal of user-mode security hooks, and disabling of Event Tracing for Windows telemetry. It validates that the victim environment is configured for Brazilian Portuguese before decrypting and launching its main payload. Once active, TCLBANKER establishes persistence, profiles the host, and communicates with operator-controlled infrastructure. It monitors browser activity to identify visits to targeted financial institutions and, upon a match, enables interactive operator control. Supported actions include command execution, screenshot capture, screen streaming, clipboard manipulation, keylogging, remote mouse and keyboard control, file and process management, and delivery of fraudulent overlays designed to harvest credentials or socially engineer victims during banking sessions. A notable feature of REF3076 is its worming capability. The malware propagates by abusing authenticated WhatsApp Web sessions and by sending phishing messages through the victim’s Microsoft Outlook account, allowing it to spread through trusted communications. This combination of banking trojan functionality, credential theft, session hijacking, and self-propagation makes REF3076 a significant Brazilian banking malware cluster.
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Who, where, and (when attributed) which flag flies behind the operation. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.
Sectors the actor has been observed targeting.
Geographies tied to known operations.
Attributed origin per open-source reporting.
38 distinct techniques observed across reporting, grouped by tactic. Hover any cell for the evidence excerpt; click through for MITRE's full description.
1 malware family attributed to this actor across reporting.
19 indicators attributed to this actor: domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts pulled from reporting. View more in app.
1 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.
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Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.
Families this actor is known to deploy, with IOCs and behavior.
CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.
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Domains, IPs, and hashes tied to this actor, refreshed continuously.