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Earth Bluecrow, also known as Red Menshen and EarthBluecrow, is a cyberespionage threat actor associated with the BPFDoor backdoor. First documented as Red Menshen in 2021, the group targets Linux servers in telecommunications, financial services, and retail organizations across Asia, the Middle East, and Africa. Documented targets include organizations in South Korea, Hong Kong, Myanmar, Malaysia, and Egypt. The group's operations emphasize long-term covert access and lateral movement within compromised networks. BPFDoor uses classic Berkeley Packet Filter functionality to recognize activation packets without maintaining a conventional listening port before activation. It supports TCP, UDP, and ICMP activation, reverse shells, direct shell access through temporary firewall redirection, and backdoor-liveness checks. Its stealth techniques include process-name masquerading, suppression of shell-command history, and removal of temporary firewall rules after connections are established. Operators have controlled multiple compromised servers within victim networks and uploaded additional tools. The initial-access mechanisms for the investigated compromises remain unknown.
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Who, where, and (when attributed) which flag flies behind the operation. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.
Sectors the actor has been observed targeting.
Geographies tied to known operations.
Attributed origin per open-source reporting.
17 distinct techniques observed across reporting, grouped by tactic. Hover any cell for the evidence excerpt; click through for MITRE's full description.
4 malware families attributed to this actor across reporting.
46 indicators attributed to this actor: domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts pulled from reporting. View more in app.
5 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.
Targets Linux servers at telecommunications, retail, and financial services organizations in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa using BPFDoor. Researchers discovered a previously unobserved controller used to access infected hosts following lateral movement and upload additional tools. The controller campaign is attributed to Earth Bluecrow with medium confidence; the initial entry point remains under investigation. BPFDoor's stealth capabilities support long-term espionage.
Listed as a threat actor associated in the report’s aggregated section with exploitation activity around React2Shell (CVE-2025-55182) and related RSC/Next.js vulnerabilities.
Named in an aggregated list of actors associated with React2Shell (CVE-2025-55182) exploitation activity.
Earth Bluecrow is conducting long-term cyber espionage using BPFDoor backdoor, targeting communication, finance, and retail sectors in Asia and the Middle East.
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Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.
Families this actor is known to deploy, with IOCs and behavior.
CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.
YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.
Domains, IPs, and hashes tied to this actor, refreshed continuously.