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Leafminer, also known as RASPITE, is a cyberespionage threat actor active since at least early 2017 that targets government organizations and businesses across the Middle East. Its targeting has included organizations in Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain, Egypt, Israel, and Afghanistan. Its post-compromise activities focus on credentials, email data, files, and database servers. Leafminer combines watering-hole attacks, exploitation of exposed network services, and password-guessing attacks. It has injected obfuscated JavaScript into compromised websites to trigger outbound Windows SMB authentication and capture visitors’ NTLM credential hashes. It scans for vulnerabilities including Heartbleed (CVE-2014-0160), uses publicly available exploits and the leaked Fuzzbunch framework, and has used EternalBlue to attempt lateral movement. Its password attacks include dictionary attacks against Microsoft Exchange and Remote Desktop Protocol services and internal password spraying with Total SMB BruteForcer. The group uses public tools including LaZagne, Mimikatz, PsExec, MailSniper, THC Hydra, and Microsoft Sysinternals utilities for credential theft, discovery, and post-compromise operations. Its custom malware includes Backdoor.Sorgu, which provides remote access and runs as a Windows service, and Trojan.Imecab, which creates and maintains a persistent remote-access account. Leafminer has also deployed a renamed Mimikatz implementation called OrangeTeghal using obfuscated PowerShell and Process Doppelgänging to evade security software. Compromised servers serve as malware-distribution infrastructure and staging points for further attacks.
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Who, where, and (when attributed) which flag flies behind the operation. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.
Sectors the actor has been observed targeting.
Geographies tied to known operations.
Attributed origin per open-source reporting.
27 distinct techniques observed across reporting, grouped by tactic. Hover any cell for the evidence excerpt; click through for MITRE's full description.
11 malware families attributed to this actor across reporting.
6 additional families tracked in Mallory.
1 CVE this actor has used in observed campaigns. 1 of them exploited in the wild.
1 indicator attributed to this actor: domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts pulled from reporting. View more in app.
20 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.
Leafminer is listed in the detection's annotations.
Listed as an associated threat actor for the JavaScript-execution technique.
Listed in annotations associated with the credential-access technique.
Listed as a threat actor associated with the PowerShell P/Invoke process injection API chain detection and related ATT&CK techniques.
Match sector + geo + tech-stack targeting against your real footprint.
Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.
Families this actor is known to deploy, with IOCs and behavior.
CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.
YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.
Domains, IPs, and hashes tied to this actor, refreshed continuously.