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Fox Kitten is an Iranian-linked threat actor also tracked as Pioneer Kitten, Lemon Sandstorm, Rubidium, UNC757, br0k3r, and Parisite. Its targeting includes organizations in the United States, Israel, and other countries across the Middle East, Europe, and Asia-Pacific. The group has facilitated ransomware attacks against organizations in the United States and the Middle East. Documented operational overlap exists with APT34, but the groups are not interchangeable identities. Fox Kitten gains initial access by exploiting known vulnerabilities in internet-facing Fortinet, Pulse Secure, and Palo Alto Networks VPN appliances. It maintains access through web shells, newly created local administrator accounts, and scheduled tasks, including tasks that execute reverse-proxy binaries. Within compromised environments, it uses Angry IP Scanner to discover remote systems, dumps credentials from LSASS memory, and accesses Active Directory credential information through Volume Shadow Copy. It moves laterally using valid credentials and RDP and has exploited vulnerabilities in remote services, including RDP. Its defense-evasion techniques include Base64 encoding of scripts and payloads, and it uses 7-Zip to archive data.
Mallory correlates actor tradecraft and target patterns against your stack, your sector, and your geography. See overlap before they land.
Who, where, and (when attributed) which flag flies behind the operation. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.
Sectors the actor has been observed targeting.
Geographies tied to known operations.
Attributed origin per open-source reporting.
52 distinct techniques observed across reporting, grouped by tactic. Hover any cell for the evidence excerpt; click through for MITRE's full description.
34 malware families attributed to this actor across reporting.
29 additional families tracked in Mallory.
25 CVEs this actor has used in observed campaigns. 25 of them exploited in the wild.
CISA and the FBI have observed the threat actor exploiting multiple CVEs, including CVE-2019-11510, CVE-2019-11539, CVE-2019-19781, and CVE-2020-5902.
The threat actor primarily gained initial access by compromising a Citrix NetScaler remote access server using a publicly available exploit for CVE-2019-19781.
The threat actor also exploited CVE-2019-11510, CVE-2019-11539, and CVE-2020-5902.
Actively Exploited CVEs: CVE-2018-13379 Fox Kitten Fortinet FortiOS
The threat actor also exploited CVE-2019-11510, CVE-2019-11539, and CVE-2020-5902.
20 more CVEs tied to this actor tracked in Mallory.
128 indicators attributed to this actor: domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts pulled from reporting. View more in app.
20 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.
Annotation-only mention; no actor-specific operation or behavior is described.
Referenced only as an annotated actor associated with the detection technique.
Listed in the detection annotation metadata.
Fox Kitten is listed in the detection's annotations for MITRE ATT&CK technique T1059 (Command and Scripting Interpreter).
Match sector + geo + tech-stack targeting against your real footprint.
Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.
Families this actor is known to deploy, with IOCs and behavior.
CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.
YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.
Domains, IPs, and hashes tied to this actor, refreshed continuously.