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China🇨🇳 CN49 malware familiesExploits CVEs in the wild

Threat Group-3390

Also known asAPT27APT6BOWSERBRONZE UNIONCircle TyphoonDEV-0322Earth Smilodonemissary_pandaemissarypandaHippoIODINEIron Tigeriron_taurusLinen Typhoonlucky_mouseluckymouseRed PhoenixTG-3390Threat Group-3390UNC215Wekby2

Threat Group-3390 is a China-based threat actor tracked under numerous aliases including APT27, APT6, Bowser, Bronze Union, Circle Typhoon, DEV-0322, Earth Smilodon, Emissary Panda, Emissary_Panda, Hippo, Iodine, Iron Taurus, Iron Tiger, Linen Typhoon, LuckyMouse, Lucky Mouse, Red Phoenix, TG-3390, UNC215, and Wekby2. The content describes the group as a China-based nation-state actor and notes that APT27 exploited CVE-2025-53770 targeting internet-connected on-premises Microsoft SharePoint servers to deploy web shells and obtain initial access. Individuals linked to APT27, including Yin Kecheng and Zhou Shuai, are described as having conducted hacking campaigns and sold stolen data to multiple customers, including some Chinese government entities. The group is also referenced as sharing tooling used in Operation SoftCell with other Chinese-affiliated threat groups including APT10 and APT40. Reported behaviors in the content include exploitation for privilege escalation (T1068), PowerShell execution (T1059.001), creation of new Windows services for persistence (T1543.003), luring victims into opening malicious files, hosting malicious payloads on Dropbox, and malware that creates a new service, sometimes named after configuration information, to gain persistence.

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OPERATIONAL PROFILE

Targeting

Who, where, and (when attributed) which flag flies behind the operation. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.

Where they're from

Attributed origin per open-source reporting.

  • CN
MITRE ATT&CK

Tradecraft

54 distinct techniques observed across reporting, grouped by tactic. Hover any cell for the evidence excerpt; click through for MITRE's full description.

13 of 15 tactics76 techniques×N= number of intelligence reports citing this technique
MITRE ATT&CK
TA0042
Resource Development
2 techniques
T1587
Develop Capabilities
T1587.001×4
Malware
T1587.004
Exploits
T1588
Obtain Capabilities
T1588.002
Tool
TA0001
Initial Access
4 techniques
T1078
Valid Accounts
T1091
Replication Through Removable Media
T1190×9
Exploit Public-Facing Application
T1566
Phishing
T1566.001
Spearphishing Attachment
TA0002
Execution
6 techniques
T1047
Windows Management Instrumentation
T1059
Command and Scripting Interpreter
T1059.001×2
PowerShell
T1059.003×2
Windows Command Shell
T1203
Exploitation for Client Execution
T1204
User Execution
T1204.002
Malicious File
T1559
Inter-Process Communication
T1559.001
Component Object Model
T1574
Hijack Execution Flow
T1574.001
DLL
TA0003
Persistence
5 techniques
T1078
Valid Accounts
T1112×2
Modify Registry
T1505
Server Software Component
T1505.003
Web Shell
T1543
Create or Modify System Process
T1543.003×2
Windows Service
T1547
Boot or Logon Autostart Execution
T1547.001×2
Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder
TA0004
Privilege Escalation
5 techniques
T1055
Process Injection
T1068×8
Exploitation for Privilege Escalation
T1078
Valid Accounts
T1543
Create or Modify System Process
T1543.003×2
Windows Service
T1547
Boot or Logon Autostart Execution
T1547.001×2
Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder
TA0005
Stealth
6 techniques
T1027×4
Obfuscated Files or Information
T1027.002
Software Packing
T1027.013
Encrypted/Encoded File
T1055
Process Injection
T1070×2
Indicator Removal
T1070.004×3
File Deletion
T1078
Valid Accounts
T1140×2
Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information
T1574
Hijack Execution Flow
T1574.001
DLL
TA0112
Defense Impairment
1 technique
T1112×2
Modify Registry
TA0006
Credential Access
2 techniques
T1003
OS Credential Dumping
T1557
Adversary-in-the-Middle
TA0007
Discovery
7 techniques
T1012
Query Registry
T1016
System Network Configuration Discovery
T1018
Remote System Discovery
T1033
System Owner/User Discovery
T1046×2
Network Service Discovery
T1082
System Information Discovery
T1083
File and Directory Discovery
TA0008
Lateral Movement
3 techniques
T1091
Replication Through Removable Media
T1550
Use Alternate Authentication Material
T1550.002
Pass the Hash
T1570
Lateral Tool Transfer
TA0009
Collection
8 techniques
T1005×4
Data from Local System
T1074×3
Data Staged
T1114
Email Collection
T1119
Automated Collection
T1185
Browser Session Hijacking
T1213×2
Data from Information Repositories
T1557
Adversary-in-the-Middle
T1560×6
Archive Collected Data
TA0011
Command and Control
3 techniques
T1071
Application Layer Protocol
T1071.001×2
Web Protocols
T1090×2
Proxy
T1090.001
Internal Proxy
T1090.003×2
Multi-hop Proxy
T1105×2
Ingress Tool Transfer
TA0010
Exfiltration
2 techniques
T1030
Data Transfer Size Limits
T1041
Exfiltration Over C2 Channel
WEAPONIZED

Associated vulnerabilities

35 CVEs this actor has used in observed campaigns. 35 of them exploited in the wild.

CVE-2025-53770ToolShell RCE in Microsoft SharePoint ServerIn the wildEvidence10

CVE-2025–53770 is a remote code execution vulnerability in Microsoft SharePoint with a CVSS score of 9.8. At the time of discovery, sustained exploitation attempts were observed against on premise SharePoint installations worldwide. This vulnerability is known to have been exploited by China based nation state threat actor groups APT27 and APT31, and by another China based ransomware gang Storm 2603, targeting internet connected SharePoint servers to deploy web shells and obtain initial access.

CVE-2025-53771SharePoint ToolShell authentication bypass / spoofing vulnerabilityIn the wildEvidence7

ToolShell is comprised of CVE-2025-53770, a remote code execution vulnerability, and CVE‑2025‑53771, a server spoofing vulnerability.

CVE-2021-35211RCE in SolarWinds Serv-U Managed File Transfer and Secure FTPIn the wildEvidence6

For instance, the Clop ransomware gang exploited a Serv-U remote code execution vulnerability (CVE-2021-35211) to breach corporate networks in a 2021 campaign. DEV-0322 Chinese hackers also deployed CVE-2021-35211 exploits in zero-day attacks starting in July 2021.

CVE-2025-49704Microsoft SharePoint Server remote code execution (ToolShell component)In the wildEvidence6

According to Microsoft, cyber threat actors have chained CVE-2025-49706 (a network spoofing vulnerability) and CVE-2025-49704 (a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability) in an exploit chain known as “ToolShell” to gain unauthorized access to on-premise SharePoint servers.

CVE-2025-49706Microsoft SharePoint Server improper authentication spoofing vulnerability (ToolShell component)In the wildEvidence6

According to Microsoft, cyber threat actors have chained CVE-2025-49706 (a network spoofing vulnerability) and CVE-2025-49704 (a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability) in an exploit chain known as “ToolShell” to gain unauthorized access to on-premise SharePoint servers.

30 more CVEs tied to this actor tracked in Mallory.

IOCS

Observables

144 indicators attributed to this actor: domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts pulled from reporting. View more in app.

IOC values are gated. View more in Mallory for domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts, or pipe them straight into your SIEM.

What this page doesn’t show

The version that knows your environment.

This page is what’s public. Mallory adds the parts that aren’t: sector and geo overlap with your footprint, the IOCs they’re burning right now, detection coverage, and what to do next.
Target overlap

Match sector + geo + tech-stack targeting against your real footprint.

Tradecraft mapping54

Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.

Malware arsenal49

Families this actor is known to deploy, with IOCs and behavior.

Exploited CVEs35

CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

Observables144

Domains, IPs, and hashes tied to this actor, refreshed continuously.