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China🇨🇳 CN31 malware familiesExploits CVEs in the wild

Volt Typhoon

Also known asBRONZE SILHOUETTEDEV-0391Insidious Taurusstorm_0391UNC3236VANGUARD PANDAVolt TyphoonVOLTZITE

Volt Typhoon is a China-linked, state-sponsored threat actor focused on stealthy intrusion and long-term access in critical infrastructure environments. The content describes the group as targeting largely U.S. critical national infrastructure, including communications, energy, water, wastewater, and transportation systems, and specifically notes intrusions into water and wastewater IT environments across multiple U.S. critical sectors. Its objective is characterized as strategic positioning and prepositioning for potential future disruption during a crisis rather than immediate visible effects. The actor is described as relying heavily on living-off-the-land tradecraft, using victim-owned tools, systems, and credentials rather than deploying conventional malware, which makes detection difficult for SIEM and SOC teams. The content also links Volt Typhoon to the KV botnet and states that China-linked operators used compromised end-of-life SOHO routers, including Cisco and NetGear devices, to conceal access. One cited operation notes that in December 2023 the FBI disrupted KV-botnet malware from hundreds of U.S. SOHO routers that Volt Typhoon was using as relay infrastructure. A restricted WaterISAC notice title further indicates an IOC associated with Volt Typhoon performing network enumeration on Utah infrastructure. The content explicitly associates Volt Typhoon with techniques including PowerShell execution (T1059.001), exploitation for privilege escalation (T1068), and multi-hop proxying (T1090.003). It also states that the group has operated in this living-off-the-land manner for over five years. Aliases directly mentioned in the content include BRONZE SILHOUETTE, DEV-0391, Insidious Taurus, Storm-0391, UNC3236, Vanguard Panda, VOLTZITE, and G1017. The content also places Volt Typhoon alongside other Chinese state-sponsored campaigns such as Salt Typhoon and Flax Typhoon as examples of operations supported by a broader commercial ecosystem of private firms, contractors, and botnet infrastructure.

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OPERATIONAL PROFILE

Targeting

Who, where, and (when attributed) which flag flies behind the operation. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.

Who they target

Sectors the actor has been observed targeting.

  • Utilities

Where they target

Geographies tied to known operations.

  • 🇺🇸 United States

Where they're from

Attributed origin per open-source reporting.

  • CN
MITRE ATT&CK

Tradecraft

50 distinct techniques observed across reporting, grouped by tactic. Hover any cell for the evidence excerpt; click through for MITRE's full description.

13 of 15 tactics58 techniques×N= number of intelligence reports citing this technique
MITRE ATT&CK
TA0043
Reconnaissance
2 techniques
T1590×6
Gather Victim Network Information
T1595×2
Active Scanning
T1595.001
Scanning IP Blocks
T1595.002×3
Vulnerability Scanning
TA0042
Resource Development
4 techniques
T1583
Acquire Infrastructure
T1583.005
Botnet
T1584×2
Compromise Infrastructure
T1584.005×4
Botnet
T1584.008
Network Devices
T1587
Develop Capabilities
T1588
Obtain Capabilities
T1588.002
Tool
TA0001
Initial Access
2 techniques
T1078×3
Valid Accounts
T1190×7
Exploit Public-Facing Application
TA0002
Execution
3 techniques
T1047×2
Windows Management Instrumentation
T1053
Scheduled Task/Job
T1059×5
Command and Scripting Interpreter
T1059.001×3
PowerShell
T1059.003
Windows Command Shell
TA0003
Persistence
3 techniques
T1053
Scheduled Task/Job
T1078×3
Valid Accounts
T1136
Create Account
TA0004
Privilege Escalation
3 techniques
T1053
Scheduled Task/Job
T1068×8
Exploitation for Privilege Escalation
T1078×3
Valid Accounts
TA0005
Stealth
4 techniques
T1036
Masquerading
T1036.005
Match Legitimate Resource Name or Location
T1070
Indicator Removal
T1070.004
File Deletion
T1078×3
Valid Accounts
T1218
System Binary Proxy Execution
TA0006
Credential Access
2 techniques
T1003×2
OS Credential Dumping
T1003.003×2
NTDS
T1555
Credentials from Password Stores
TA0007
Discovery
10 techniques
T1007
System Service Discovery
T1016×2
System Network Configuration Discovery
T1033
System Owner/User Discovery
T1046×7
Network Service Discovery
T1057
Process Discovery
T1069
Permission Groups Discovery
T1069.002
Domain Groups
T1082
System Information Discovery
T1083
File and Directory Discovery
T1087
Account Discovery
T1087.002
Domain Account
T1518
Software Discovery
TA0008
Lateral Movement
1 technique
T1021×2
Remote Services
T1021.002
SMB/Windows Admin Shares
TA0009
Collection
2 techniques
T1005×2
Data from Local System
T1074
Data Staged
TA0011
Command and Control
4 techniques
T1071×3
Application Layer Protocol
T1090
Proxy
T1090.001
Internal Proxy
T1090.002
External Proxy
T1090.003×4
Multi-hop Proxy
T1105
Ingress Tool Transfer
T1573
Encrypted Channel
TA0010
Exfiltration
1 technique
T1030
Data Transfer Size Limits
WEAPONIZED

Associated vulnerabilities

33 CVEs this actor has used in observed campaigns. 33 of them exploited in the wild.

CVE-2022-42475FortiOS/FortiProxy SSL-VPN Heap-Based Buffer Overflow RCEIn the wildEvidence4

Fortinet disclosed in February that the Chinese Volt Typhoon hacking group exploited two FortiOS SSL VPN flaws (CVE-2022-42475 and CVE-2023-27997) to backdoor a Dutch Ministry of Defence military network using custom Coathanger remote access trojan (RAT) malware.

CVE-2023-27997XORtigate: FortiOS/FortiProxy SSL-VPN Heap-Based Buffer Overflow RCEIn the wildEvidence4

Fortinet disclosed in February that the Chinese Volt Typhoon hacking group exploited two FortiOS SSL VPN flaws (CVE-2022-42475 and CVE-2023-27997) to backdoor a Dutch Ministry of Defence military network using custom Coathanger remote access trojan (RAT) malware.

CVE-2024-39717Arbitrary File Upload and Execution in Versa Director GUIIn the wildEvidence3

"Lumen Technologies reported Chinese APT Volt Typhoon exploiting Versa Director servers (CVE-2024-39717), enabling credential interception and malicious code injection." | Lumen Technologies reported Chinese APT Volt Typhoon exploiting Versa Director servers (CVE-2024-39717), enabling credential interception and malicious code injection.

CVE-2021-40539Authentication Bypass and RCE in Zoho ManageEngine ADSelfService PlusIn the wildEvidence2

Exploiting vulnerabilities in widely used software including, but not limited to: CVE-2021-40539—ManageEngine ADSelfService Plus.

CVE-2024-21887Command Injection in Ivanti Connect Secure and Policy Secure Web ComponentsIn the wildEvidence2

Ensure that these products in your environment are updated with the latest patches... Ivanti (CVE-2024-21887 & CVE-2023-46805)

28 more CVEs tied to this actor tracked in Mallory.

IOCS

Observables

108 indicators attributed to this actor: domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts pulled from reporting. View more in app.

IOC values are gated. View more in Mallory for domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts, or pipe them straight into your SIEM.

What this page doesn’t show

The version that knows your environment.

This page is what’s public. Mallory adds the parts that aren’t: sector and geo overlap with your footprint, the IOCs they’re burning right now, detection coverage, and what to do next.
Target overlap

Match sector + geo + tech-stack targeting against your real footprint.

Tradecraft mapping50

Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.

Malware arsenal31

Families this actor is known to deploy, with IOCs and behavior.

Exploited CVEs33

CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

Observables108

Domains, IPs, and hashes tied to this actor, refreshed continuously.