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Earth Baxia is a China-linked threat actor associated with cyber-espionage operations in the Asia-Pacific region and with malware clusters that have also overlapped with ransomware activity. The group has been reported targeting government organizations in Taiwan and other APAC countries, as well as telecommunications and energy entities in countries including South Korea, the Philippines, Vietnam, and Thailand. Additional reporting has cited targeting of military and government organizations in Taiwan, Japan, the Philippines, and at least one U.S. federal agency. Earth Baxia is suspected to operate on behalf of the People's Republic of China. Earth Baxia has used spear-phishing and exploitation of GeoServer vulnerabilities, including CVE-2024-36401, for initial access. Observed intrusion chains include delivery of customized Cobalt Strike payloads and deployment of the EAGLEDOOR backdoor. Reported malware and tooling associated with the actor include EAGLEDOOR, SWORDLDR, DULLDOWN, and RIPCOY. EAGLEDOOR supports multiple communications channels, including DNS, HTTP, TCP, and Telegram, and has been used for payload delivery, information gathering, command and control, and exfiltration. The actor employs a mature loader and execution tradecraft centered on DLL side-loading, AppDomainManager hijacking, process injection, and in-memory execution. Campaigns have also used GrimResource-style delivery and public cloud services to host malicious payloads. Customized Cobalt Strike components with altered signatures and configuration structures have been used for evasion. Data theft activity has included collection of system information and exfiltration using native utilities. Earth Baxia has also been linked through technical overlaps to the Charon ransomware intrusion set, although definitive attribution of that ransomware deployment remains unconfirmed. In the observed Charon chain, tradecraft included DLL sideloading, multistage shellcode staging, process hollowing into legitimate Windows processes, anti-recovery actions, network-share enumeration, and file encryption. Separate low-confidence reporting has noted possible infrastructure overlap between Earth Baxia and the temporary intrusion set SHADOW-EARTH-045. Aliases reported in the supplied material include APT41, Wicked Panda, and Grass Typhoon.
Mallory correlates actor tradecraft and target patterns against your stack, your sector, and your geography. See overlap before they land.
Who, where, and (when attributed) which flag flies behind the operation. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.
Sectors the actor has been observed targeting.
28 distinct techniques observed across reporting, grouped by tactic. Hover any cell for the evidence excerpt; click through for MITRE's full description.
5 malware families attributed to this actor across reporting.
2 CVEs this actor has used in observed campaigns. 2 of them exploited in the wild.
Delivered scripts observed include CVE-2020-16040 exploitation for Chrome, social engineering pop-ups, Electron JS backdoor delivery, and TCP reverse shell establishment.
Earth Baxia, a threat actor suspected to originate from China, has been targeting government organizations in Taiwan and other Asia-Pacific (APAC) countries, using spear-phishing emails and exploiting a vulnerability in GeoServer (CVE-2024-36401), a remote code execution (RCE) exploit. This exploit allowed the attackers to download or copy malicious components, which were then used to deploy customized Cobalt Strike payloads.
16 indicators attributed to this actor: domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts pulled from reporting. View more in app.
16 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.
China-aligned activity cluster referenced as overlapping with campaigns using the PeckBirdy JScript-based C2 framework; described in the context of Asia-focused intrusions (financially motivated web injection and espionage-oriented targeting).
Potentially linked (low confidence) to SHADOW-EARTH-045 activity involving credential-harvesting via injected login pages and delivery/execution of PeckBirdy.
Possible (weakly evidenced) linkage to infrastructure used in the Shadow-Earth-045 campaign targeting Asian government entities via web injection and PeckBirdy delivery for credential harvesting and remote access.
China-aligned actor referenced via infrastructure overlap: an IP used in SHADOW-EARTH-045 was previously linked to Earth Baxia.
Match sector + geo + tech-stack targeting against your real footprint.
Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.
Families this actor is known to deploy, with IOCs and behavior.
CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.
YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.
Domains, IPs, and hashes tied to this actor, refreshed continuously.