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Earth Baxia is a China-linked advanced persistent threat actor conducting intelligence-gathering intrusions against government agencies, telecommunications businesses, and energy organizations in the Asia-Pacific region. Its documented targeting includes Taiwan, the Philippines, South Korea, Vietnam, and Thailand. The actor obtains initial access through tailored spear-phishing emails containing malicious attachments or links and exploitation of CVE-2024-36401, a remote code execution vulnerability in GeoServer. Its phishing operations use decoy documents, while its execution chains employ GrimResource, .NET AppDomainManager hijacking, DLL sideloading, and process injection. Earth Baxia hosts malicious components on public cloud services, including AWS and Alibaba Cloud, and modifies Cobalt Strike signatures and configuration structures to hinder detection. Earth Baxia deploys customized Cobalt Strike payloads and the EAGLEDOOR backdoor for remote access, information gathering, payload delivery, and data exfiltration. EAGLEDOOR supports DNS, HTTP, TCP, and Telegram-based communications, including use of the Telegram Bot API. Associated tooling includes DULLDOWN, RIPCOY, and SWORDLDR; SWORDLDR decrypts and injects payloads into other processes. The actor also uses curl to transfer data from compromised systems.
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Who, where, and (when attributed) which flag flies behind the operation. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.
Sectors the actor has been observed targeting.
Geographies tied to known operations.
Attributed origin per open-source reporting.
28 distinct techniques observed across reporting, grouped by tactic. Hover any cell for the evidence excerpt; click through for MITRE's full description.
5 malware families attributed to this actor across reporting.
2 CVEs this actor has used in observed campaigns. 2 of them exploited in the wild.
A remote code execution vulnerability affecting GeoServer is under active exploitation, with recent attack attempts observed on 40,000+ FortiGuard sensors. This vulnerability (CVE-2024-36401) is suspected to be exploited by the Earth Baxia APT group.
Delivered scripts observed include CVE-2020-16040 exploitation for Chrome, social engineering pop-ups, Electron JS backdoor delivery, and TCP reverse shell establishment.
17 indicators attributed to this actor: domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts pulled from reporting. View more in app.
19 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.
Referenced as a low-confidence attribution candidate for SHADOW-EARTH-045 based on infrastructure overlap involving an IP address used during the campaign.
China-aligned activity cluster referenced as overlapping with campaigns using the PeckBirdy JScript-based C2 framework; described in the context of Asia-focused intrusions (financially motivated web injection and espionage-oriented targeting).
Potentially linked (low confidence) to SHADOW-EARTH-045 activity involving credential-harvesting via injected login pages and delivery/execution of PeckBirdy.
Possible (weakly evidenced) linkage to infrastructure used in the Shadow-Earth-045 campaign targeting Asian government entities via web injection and PeckBirdy delivery for credential harvesting and remote access.
Match sector + geo + tech-stack targeting against your real footprint.
Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.
Families this actor is known to deploy, with IOCs and behavior.
CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.
YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.
Domains, IPs, and hashes tied to this actor, refreshed continuously.