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China25 malware familiesExploits CVEs in the wild

ZIRCONIUM

Also known asAPT31bronze_vinewoodChameleonjudgement_pandaJUDGMENT PANDAred_keresta412Violet TyphoonWebFansZIRCONIUM

Zirconium is a China-linked threat actor referenced in the content under multiple aliases including APT31, Bronze Vinewood, Chameleon, Judgement Panda, Judgment Panda, Red Keres, TA412, Violet Typhoon, and WebFans. The content indicates this actor is associated with PRC-sponsored activity and is assessed by Mandiant as one of the PRC-linked groups most likely to target organizations and individuals related to the 2024 Paris Olympics, particularly for espionage-oriented activity such as spearphishing, credential harvesting, and intelligence collection. The content also states that APT31 exploited CVE-2025-53770 against internet-connected SharePoint servers to deploy web shells and obtain initial access. Additional ATT&CK-style procedure references in the content attribute to ZIRCONIUM the use of exploitation for privilege escalation (T1068), multi-hop proxy (T1090.003), AES256 with a SHA1-derived key to decrypt exploit code, capturing the username on a compromised host for C2 registration, and enumerating proxy settings in the target environment. One source in the content also lists Zirconium among threat actors identified in malvertising-related activity.

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MITRE ATT&CK

Tradecraft

44 distinct techniques observed across reporting, grouped by tactic. Hover any cell for the evidence excerpt; click through for MITRE's full description.

13 of 15 tactics60 techniques×N= number of intelligence reports citing this technique
MITRE ATT&CK
TA0043
Reconnaissance
3 techniques
T1589
Gather Victim Identity Information
T1595
Active Scanning
T1598
Phishing for Information
TA0042
Resource Development
2 techniques
T1583
Acquire Infrastructure
T1583.001
Domains
T1584
Compromise Infrastructure
T1584.008
Network Devices
TA0001
Initial Access
5 techniques
T1078
Valid Accounts
T1133
External Remote Services
T1190×10
Exploit Public-Facing Application
T1195
Supply Chain Compromise
T1566×4
Phishing
T1566.002
Spearphishing Link
TA0002
Execution
4 techniques
T1059
Command and Scripting Interpreter
T1059.001×2
PowerShell
T1059.003×3
Windows Command Shell
T1129
Shared Modules
T1203×3
Exploitation for Client Execution
T1204
User Execution
T1204.001
Malicious Link
TA0003
Persistence
5 techniques
T1078
Valid Accounts
T1112
Modify Registry
T1133
External Remote Services
T1505
Server Software Component
T1505.003×2
Web Shell
T1547
Boot or Logon Autostart Execution
T1547.001×4
Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder
TA0004
Privilege Escalation
3 techniques
T1068×14
Exploitation for Privilege Escalation
T1078
Valid Accounts
T1547
Boot or Logon Autostart Execution
T1547.001×4
Registry Run Keys / Startup Folder
TA0005
Stealth
5 techniques
T1036
Masquerading
T1078
Valid Accounts
T1140×4
Deobfuscate/Decode Files or Information
T1218
System Binary Proxy Execution
T1218.007
Msiexec
T1564
Hide Artifacts
T1564.006
Run Virtual Instance
TA0112
Defense Impairment
1 technique
T1112
Modify Registry
TA0006
Credential Access
2 techniques
T1056
Input Capture
T1056.001
Keylogging
T1555
Credentials from Password Stores
T1555.003×2
Credentials from Web Browsers
TA0007
Discovery
6 techniques
T1012×4
Query Registry
T1016×4
System Network Configuration Discovery
T1033×2
System Owner/User Discovery
T1082
System Information Discovery
T1083
File and Directory Discovery
T1518
Software Discovery
TA0009
Collection
1 technique
T1056
Input Capture
T1056.001
Keylogging
TA0011
Command and Control
4 techniques
T1071
Application Layer Protocol
T1090×2
Proxy
T1090.002
External Proxy
T1090.003×3
Multi-hop Proxy
T1102
Web Service
T1105×3
Ingress Tool Transfer
TA0010
Exfiltration
2 techniques
T1041×3
Exfiltration Over C2 Channel
T1567
Exfiltration Over Web Service
T1567.002×5
Exfiltration to Cloud Storage
WEAPONIZED

Associated vulnerabilities

7 CVEs this actor has used in observed campaigns. 7 of them exploited in the wild.

CVE-2025-53770ToolShell RCE in Microsoft SharePoint ServerIn the wildEvidence9

CVE-2025–53770 is a remote code execution vulnerability in Microsoft SharePoint with a CVSS score of 9.8. At the time of discovery, sustained exploitation attempts were observed against on premise SharePoint installations worldwide. This vulnerability is known to have been exploited by China based nation state threat actor groups APT27 and APT31, and by another China based ransomware gang Storm 2603, targeting internet connected SharePoint servers to deploy web shells and obtain initial access.

CVE-2025-49704Microsoft SharePoint Server remote code execution (ToolShell component)In the wildEvidence7

According to Microsoft, cyber threat actors have chained CVE-2025-49706 (a network spoofing vulnerability) and CVE-2025-49704 (a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability) in an exploit chain known as “ToolShell” to gain unauthorized access to on-premise SharePoint servers.

CVE-2025-49706Microsoft SharePoint Server improper authentication spoofing vulnerability (ToolShell component)In the wildEvidence7

According to Microsoft, cyber threat actors have chained CVE-2025-49706 (a network spoofing vulnerability) and CVE-2025-49704 (a remote code execution (RCE) vulnerability) in an exploit chain known as “ToolShell” to gain unauthorized access to on-premise SharePoint servers.

CVE-2025-53771SharePoint ToolShell authentication bypass / spoofing vulnerabilityIn the wildEvidence6

Microsoft has not confirmed exploitation of CVE-2025-53771; however, CISA assesses exploitation is likely because it can be chained with CVE-2025-53770 to bypass previously disclosed vulnerabilities CVE-2025-49704 and CVE-2025-49706.

CVE-2017-0005Windows GDI Elevation of Privilege VulnerabilityIn the wildEvidence4

ZIRCONIUM has exploited CVE-2017-0005 for local privilege escalation.

2 more CVEs tied to this actor tracked in Mallory.

IOCS

Observables

144 indicators attributed to this actor: domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts pulled from reporting. View more in app.

IOC values are gated. View more in Mallory for domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts, or pipe them straight into your SIEM.

What this page doesn’t show

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Target overlap

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Tradecraft mapping44

Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.

Malware arsenal25

Families this actor is known to deploy, with IOCs and behavior.

Exploited CVEs7

CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.

Detection signatures

YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.

Observables144

Domains, IPs, and hashes tied to this actor, refreshed continuously.