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RansomEXX is a financially motivated ransomware operation also known as Defray and Defray777. It emerged under its earlier identity in 2018 and rebranded as RansomEXX in June 2020, increasingly focusing on large corporate and public-sector organizations. Its victims span government, technology, manufacturing, telecommunications, healthcare, transportation, and financial-services environments across Europe, Asia, and the Americas. Notable victims include Brazil's government networks, the Texas Department of Transportation, Ecuador's state telecommunications provider CNT, Peru's Ministry of Defense, Kenya Airways, Ferrari, Konica Minolta, and Tyler Technologies. An attack against India's Brontoo Technology Solutions disrupted banking and payment services through a critical supplier relationship. RansomEXX conducts double extortion, stealing sensitive information before encrypting systems and threatening publication through its data-leak site. Operators obtain access through stolen or purchased credentials, phishing, brute-forced RDP services, and exploitation of vulnerable internet-facing applications and remote-access infrastructure. The operation has been linked to exploitation of SAP NetWeaver vulnerability CVE-2025-31324. Intrusions involve credential theft, privilege escalation, network discovery, lateral movement, and deployment of ransomware after obtaining administrative control. Cobalt Strike, Mimikatz, and legitimate administrative tools support these activities; Pyxie RAT infections have also preceded Defray777/RansomEXX deployments. The operation collaborates with affiliates and access brokers, with Bassterlord among its documented partners. RansomEXX maintains Windows and Linux encryptors, including tooling used against VMware ESXi infrastructure and virtual-machine storage. Its ransomware development has included a transition from C++ to Rust. A flaw in its Linux encryptor's file-locking behavior can corrupt files when other processes write during encryption, causing attacker-provided decryption tools to fail even after payment. Its extortion model combines operational disruption, stolen-data leverage, and ransom negotiations tailored to victims.
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Who, where, and (when attributed) which flag flies behind the operation. Pulled from open-source reporting and Mallory's analyst review.
Sectors the actor has been observed targeting.
Geographies tied to known operations.
Attributed origin per open-source reporting.
53 distinct techniques observed across reporting, grouped by tactic. Hover any cell for the evidence excerpt; click through for MITRE's full description.
5 malware families attributed to this actor across reporting.
3 CVEs this actor has used in observed campaigns. 3 of them exploited in the wild.
The Common Log File System (CLFS) 0-day vulnerability CVE-2025–29824 was confirmed to have been exploited by attackers associated with PLAY and Storm-2460, and according to Symantec, the vulnerability may have already fallen into the hands of multiple attackers and been exploited before it was patched.
However, prior flaws (CVE-2025-31324) impacting SAP products, including NetWeaver, have been weaponized by China-nexus espionage clusters like UNC5221, UNC5174, and CL-STA-0048, as well as cybercrime groups such as BianLian and RansomExx. In April 2025, unknown threat actors were also observed exploiting the same critical SAP NetWeaver vulnerability to deploy a backdoor called Auto-Color.
The Jenkins instance used by Brontoo Technology was affected by the same LFI CVE which can be leveraged to read internal code or in this case as port 22 was open, get secure shell access by reading the private keys.
31 indicators attributed to this actor: domains, IPs, hashes, and other artifacts pulled from reporting. View more in app.
20 sources tracked across advisories, community write-ups, and news. New activity surfaces here as Mallory finds it.
RansomEXX was listed among other ransomware groups observed in Japan during the first half of 2026.
Referenced as a cybercriminal group previously observed exploiting SAP product vulnerabilities, specifically CVE-2025-31324.
Referenced as a cybercrime group that previously weaponized SAP product flaws including CVE-2025-31324.
Conducting a ransomware attack and data breach against Go2Joy, with claims of releasing the complete database of the victim.
Match sector + geo + tech-stack targeting against your real footprint.
Every observed MITRE ATT&CK technique, grouped by tactic.
Families this actor is known to deploy, with IOCs and behavior.
CVEs this actor has used in known campaigns.
YARA, Sigma, Snort, and vendor rules, auto-deployed to your SIEM.
Domains, IPs, and hashes tied to this actor, refreshed continuously.